Present Simple Past Simple

Signal so’zlar: today,this morning/week/month/year.

e.g. I have read an interesting article about the president today.

We have written a lot of letters this week.(balki yana yozamiz, chunki havta hali tugamadi)

Tom has earned much money this year.
4. Shu paytgacha bo’lgan hodisalar, bajarilgan ish-harakatlar:

e.g. Have you traveled a lot?

Yes, I have been to 47 countries.

5. Present Perfect bilan quyidagi ravishlar ishaltiladi:

a) already-allaqachon

e.g. I have already finished my work.
b) just-hozirgina

e.g. She has just finished her work.

Lekin just bilan just now farqi bor. Just-hozirgina (present perfect bilan) e.g. I have just seen him. Just now- qisqa vaqt oldin (past simple) e.g. I saw him just now.

c) yet- hali: allaqachon

Yet faqat inkor va so’roq gapda ishlatiladi hamda doim gap oxirida keladi.

e.g. We haven’t done our homework yet.

Have you finished your work yet?( bu tasdiq formadagi already ravishiga antonim bo’lib keladi).