Printing part 2
particles from every color
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Bog'liqPrinting – part 2 OEcotextiles
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- COMPONENTS RATIO
- REPLY Elena Teston says: June 2, 2016 at 5:27 pm can I write you in private to ask something REPLY
particles from every color. The straining is usually done by squeezing the paste through filter cloths as artisanal fine co on, silk or industrial woven nylon. Fine sieves can also be employed for pastes that are used hot or are very strongly alkaline or acid. All the necessary ingredients for the paste are metered (dosed) and mixed together in a mixing station. Since between 5 and 10 different printing pastes are usually necessary to print a single pa ern (in some cases up to 20 different pastes are applied), in order to reduce losses, due to incorrect measurement, the preparation of the pastes is done in automatic stations. In modern plants, with the help of special devices, the exact amount of printing paste required is determined and prepared in continuous mode for each printing position, thus reducing leftovers at the end of the run. There are two main types of paste used: 1. Pigmented emulsions: Pigmented emulsions are suitable for all fiber types, they are able to dry by evaporation at room temperature and are able to be cured at 320 degrees F for 2 – 3 minutes, which achieves washing and drycleaning fastness. A typical formulation of a pigment emulsion printing paste is: COMPONENTS RATIO Water 10% Emulsifier 1% Thickener 4% White spirit 62% Catalyst solution 3% Binder 15% Pigment dispersion 5% Pastes which are entirely water-based are obtained by replacing the white spirit with water. 1. Plastisol printing pastes : based on a vinyl resin dispersed in plasticizer; characterized by virtually 100% non-volatility (no solvent is present); used frequently for printing on dark or dark-colored fabrics. Components of plastisol printing pastes consist of A. PVC homopolymer (i.e., a vinyl resin) dispersed in phthalate plasticizer; B. liquid plasticizer (i.e., dialkyl phthalate or di-iso-octyl phthalate); C. heat and light stabilisers (i.e., liquid barium/cadmium/zinc combined with epoxy plasticizer); D. high proportion of extender to improve wet-on-wet properties. 2/25/2021 Printing – part 2 | OEcotextiles https://oecotextiles.blog/2012/01/13/printing-part-2/ 3/4 Printing pastes are made up of four main components: 1. The coloring ma er used (dyes or pigments) 2. The binding agent 3. The solvent 4. The auxiliaries. The coloring ma er used can be either dyestuffs or pigments. Dyes are in solution and become chemically or physically incorporated into the individual fibers. The dyes used for printing mostly include vat, reactive, naphthol and disperse colours which have good fastness properties. Pigments are largely insoluable, so often organic solvents are used (such as benzene or toluene). The pigmented printing paste must physically bind with the fabric, so must contain a resin, which holds the pigment in place on top of the fabric. The binder is decisively responsible for the fastness of the pigment prints during use. The most important fastnesses are wash fastness, chemical cleaning fastness and friction fastness. The handle and the brilliance of the colours are also influenced by the choice of binder. Binders are in general “self-crosslinking polymers” based mainly on acrylates and less commonly on butadiene and vinyl acetate, with solid contents of approx.. 40 – 50%. (2) Binders made of natural wood resin, wax stand linseed or safflower oils and chitosan were tested in order to obtain biodegradable printing paste. Promising results were reported when using chitosan as a binder, and no solvent was necessary. Solvents are usually added in the formulation of the thickeners. The type of paste (emulsion vs. plastisol) and thickening agent determines the type of solvent needed. White spirit is a commonly used organic solvent, as is water. The organic solvent concentration in print pastes may vary from 0% to 60% by weight, with no consistent ratio of organic solvent to water. Water based solvents may still emit VOC’s from small amounts of solvent and other additives blended into the paste. The liquid waste material of water based pastes may also be considered hazardous waste. The most important auxiliaries are the thickening agents. Printing paste normally contains 40 – 70% thickener solution. [3] The printing thickeners used depend on the printing technique and fabric and dyestuff used. Typical thickening agents are starch derivatives, flour, gum Senegal and gum arabic (both very old thickenings, and very expensive today) and albumen. A starch paste is made from wheat starch, cold water, and olive oil, and boiled for thickening. Starch used to be the most preferred of all the thickenings, but nowadays gums or alginates derived from seaweed is preferred as they allow be er penetration of color and are easier to wash out. Hot water soluble thickening agents as native starch are made into pastes by boiling; the colorants and solvents were added during this step then cooled, after which the various fixing agents would be added. Colors are reduced in shade by simply adding more stock printing paste. For example, a dark blue containing 4 oz. of methylene blue per gallon may readily be made into a pale shade by adding to it thirty times its bulk of starch paste or gum, as the case may be. Mechanical agitators are also fi ed in these pans to mix the various ingredients together, and to destroy lumps and prevent the formation of lumps, keeping the contents thoroughly stirred up during the whole time they are being boiled and cooled to make a smooth paste. Most thickening agents used today are cold soluble and require less stirring. Almost exclusively synthetic, acrylate-based thickening agents are used in pigment printing – or none at all, since the mix of resins, solvents and water produces thickening anyway. Generally, the auxiliaries used for printing are the same as those used in dyeing with a dye bath. These types of auxiliaries include: Oxidizing agents (e.g. m-nitrobenzenesulphonate, sodium chlorate, hydrogen peroxide) 2/25/2021 Printing – part 2 | OEcotextiles https://oecotextiles.blog/2012/01/13/printing-part-2/ 4/4 Reducing agents (e.g. sodium dithionite, formaldehyde sulphoxylates, thiourea dioxide, tin(II) chloride) We ing agents (nonionic, cationic, anionic) Discharging agents for discharge printing (e.g. anthraquinone) Humectants (urea, glycerine, glycols) Carriers: (cresotinic acid methyl ester, trichlorobenzene, n-butylphthalimide in combination with other phthalimides, methylnaphthalene) Retarders (derivatives of quaternary amines, leveling agents) Resist agents (zinc oxide, alkalis, amines, complexing agents) Metal complexes (copper or nickel salts of sarcosine or hydroxyethylsarcosine) Softeners Defoamers, (e.g. silicon compounds, organic and inorganic esters, aliphatic esters, etc.) Resins[4] [1] Ullman’s Fibers, page 766 (2) Lacasse, K., and Baumann, W., Textile Chemicals: Enviornmental Data and Facts, Springer, 2004; p. 234 [3] Fri Ullmann, editor, Ullmann’s Fibers: Textile and dyeing technologies, vol 2; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA, weinheim, 2008, p. 759 [4] Ulmman, p. 743 Categories: Printing, Uncategorized • Tags: binder, Business, Chemicals, Dye, Dyes and Pigments, Pigment, Printing, printing paste, Solvent, solvents • 3 thoughts on “Printing – part 2” eremophila says: January 13, 2012 at 9:53 pm It’s all very interesting, great background information. REPLY Elena Teston says: June 2, 2016 at 5:27 pm can I write you in private to ask something? REPLY O Ecotextiles says: June 2, 2016 at 6:31 pm Sure – can you email me at service@twosistersecotextiles.com? REPLY Blog at WordPress.com. Download 221.2 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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