Problems of phonostylistics


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Hakimova Mohichehra\'s Course work

The system of phonemes.
All English phonemes can be divided into consonants phonemes and vowels phonemes. The following 20 vowel phonemes are distinguished in BBC English (RP): [i:, a:, o:, u:, з:, i, e,; ei, ai, oi].
Principles of classification provide the basis for the establishment of the following distinctive oppositions:1. Stability of articulation
1.1. monophthongs vs. diphthongsbit - bait, kit - kite, John - join, debt — doubt
1.2. diphthongs vs. diphthongoids bile - bee, boat — boot, raid - rude
Position of the tongue
2.1. horizontal movement of the tongue a) front vs. Central cab — curb, bed — bird b) back vs. Central pull –  pearl, cart - curl, call - curl
2.2. vertical movement of the tongue : -close (high) vs. Mid -open (mid)bid — bird, week - work open (low) vs. mid-open (mid) lark - lurk, call — curl, bard-bird
Position of the lips rounded vs. unrounded don — darn, pot - part
The phonological analysis of English consonant sounds helps to distinguish 24 phonemes. Principles of classification suggested by Uzbek phoneticians provide the basis for establishing of the following distinctive oppositions in the system of English consonants:
1.Degree of noise: bake - make, veal - wheel
2. Place of articulation labial vs. lingual: pain — cane lingual vs. glottal: foam — home, care — hair, Tim - him
3.Manner of articulation 3.1 occlusive vs. constrictive pine -fine, bat - that, bee – thee 1.constrictive vs. affricates fare — chair, fail –jail 2. constrictive unicentral vs. constrictive bicentral same – shame
4. Work of the vocal cords and the force of articulation 4.1 voiceless fortis vs. voiced lenis pen — Ben, ten - den, coat - goal
5. Position of the soft palate 5.1 oral vs. nasal pit — pin, seek — seen
By the degree of noise English consonants are devided into two general kinds: a) noise consonants; b) sonorants. If it is sound in which noise prevails over tone it is noise consonant (ex. p, b, fv, s, z, ð, θ )




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