Project management

4- self study
The subject, concept, purpose and structure of the investment project.

The concept of "project management". Interdependence of project management, investment management and functional management.

Classification of projects: large and small, internal and external, technical and non-technical, economic and social characteristics.

Summary
References

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On the effective management of investment projects, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev said, "If we can carefully formulate investment projects for investors who want to invest in our economy, we can achieve a positive result in this matter"1. In fact, the President emphasized that the most important task of the government should be the unconditional implementation of projects involving direct foreign investment, providing all-round assistance to foreign investors. Putting an end to the practice of delaying the utilization of the main part of investments to the last months of the year, it was noted that in all sectors and regions it is necessary to reach at least 35% in the first half of the year and 70% in the first nine months.

Although the concepts of "project" and "project management" have long and firmly entered our lives, there is no generally accepted interpretation of this term. It is believed that the word "project" (project) comes from the Latin word projacere - to move something forward (pro - in advance; jacere - to promote, throw forward). A project in Russian management has the following characteristics: clear goals, tasks and interdependence of resources, certain dates of the start and end of the project, a certain degree of novelty of the goals and conditions of implementation, around and within the project the inevitability of various conflict situations.

The most popular definition given by the American Institute of Project Management and in the PMBOK® Guide describes a project as follows. A project is a temporary initiative designed to create unique products, services or results. From this definition, it can be concluded that all projects have three important characteristics.

1. The existence of a certain period for the existence of the project, i.e. the project has both a start date and an end date.

2. The result of each project is a unique product or service. It is also different from working on project activities.

3. Direction of the project to achieve specific goals. As a rule, the reason for the emergence of the project is some problems that need to be solved or a favorable situation that requires actions for the company to be ahead of its competitors.

Today, there is an opinion that the science of project management has developed relatively recently. However, there are many signs that project management began much earlier.

The subject, concept, purpose and structure of the investment project.

Studying the subject of "Investment Project Management" enables students to make decisions on the implementation of investment projects, their financing, monitoring, as well as the formation of solid knowledge and practical skills related to ensuring their effectiveness. shows in himself.

The main goal of teaching the subject "Investment Project Management" is to help students choose the optimal directions of financial investments, to determine and ensure their effectiveness, the main directions of organizing the management of investment projects, knowledge of using modern methods, consists of forming skills and competences.

Since the first years of independence, the investment policy implemented in Uzbekistan has supported the priority areas for ensuring the independence of fuel, energy and grain, implementing structural changes in the economy, increasing the export potential and increasing the production of import-substituting products. -support, open door policy to attract foreign investments was focused on. The investment policy was based on the following principles:

 selective support of the most important sectors and areas of activity based on the established state priorities;
 Sufficiently support socially important sectors (health care, education, culture, etc.) in order to improve the standard of living of the population, prolong life, prevent sharp social stratification, and ensure the activation of consumer demand;
 attraction of foreign investments to priority areas based on mutual interest;
 redistribution of potential investment resources from trade and money market to industry;
 supporting scientific research, experimental design works, buying licenses for new technologies from abroad, maintaining large laboratories
One of the most important business skills for success is knowing when to ask for help. When it comes to finances and cash flow, it helps to consult with an experienced accountant or financial advisor. These experts will help you find the right solutions for your financial problems. Consulting financial professionals early in the life of your business can help prevent financial problems from arising in the first place.

Key business issues: Staffing

Your employees make or break your business, so finding and keeping good people is critical. In some enterprises, there is a large turnover of personnel. This leads to high staff costs, as you need to constantly hire and train new people. To combat high turnover, consider the following:

Your benefits and payments. Is your salary competitive with other similar businesses? If someone can go next door and make more per hour for the same job, they will. If you can't offer a higher salary, offer more flexibility with scheduling.

Invest in your managers. Your managers train your new employees. Make sure they know how to manage people and invest in teaching them leadership skills.

Review the hiring process. Aren't you constantly checking references? Are you distracted during an interview? Consider hiring someone else to see if this trade-off makes a difference.

Even small gestures can make your employees feel appreciated, such as catering for your employees at lunch. You should also ensure that you have a safe environment for your employees and a clear procedure for reporting any harassment.

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Critical business issues: customers
Any business needs to find customers and then keep those customers. Look at the areas where your business is struggling and try to find the root of the problem. Is your advertising effective? Are your products unusable? How do you reward or entice customers to come back?

Depending on the problem, consulting a marketing firm can be a good investment to ensure your business gets the exposure it deserves.

Critical business issues: supply
Supply chain problems are common for a variety of reasons. Many organizations hold less inventory and have fewer suppliers than they used to. Make sure you have a solid supply chain strategy in place with multiple suppliers for your critical business components.

Critical business issues: technology

Technologies are constantly changing and this creates new vulnerabilities for businesses. Cybersecurity is one area where businesses should not cut corners. A data breach can damage your business reputation, and other cyber security attacks, such as malware, can cause your business to go down.

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Business owners must also meet regulatory compliance standards for data privacy that vary depending on where they operate and what type of business they have. Financial and medical companies, for example, have stricter regulations than other types of businesses. If you're not sure what your business needs when it comes to security and compliance, it helps to consult with an IT firm that specializes in working with small businesses.