Psce 2011 Article final

participation on European generation by 2020 is now even 
more difficult to achieve[7]. 
In Brazil, most of the cogeneration plants are fueled from 
biomass of paper mills and ethanol & sugar plants. Until 
the decade of 80’s, these industrial plants had respectively the 
black liquor and the sugar cane bagasse as residuals from their 
processes. With technological developments on specific 
boilers, these residuals have become fuels for cogeneration 
units through which the plants obtained electricity and heat for 
the process. The recent Brazilian regulation regarding 
cogeneration has established requirements for qualifying 
cogeneration plants since 2000. The Resolution nº21/2000, 
later revised by Resolution nº235/2006, establishes rules for 
qualifying cogeneration plants through the achievement of 
predetermined electricity and heat performance parameters 
depending on the fuel used [8]. The rules include the 
obligation for generators to keep operational electricity, heat 
and fuel data available for further ANEEL consultation. 
However, although most of the electricity from cogeneration 
comes from pulp & paper mills and ethanol & sugar plants, 
most of these generation plants are still not qualified as 
cogeneration plants. It occurs because the law is intended 
to work as an incentive for qualification of fossil fueled plants 
operating under low efficiency conditions (35%) while these 
biomass cogenerations are supposed to operate with an 
efficiency rate of 75%. As a consequence, they are not subject 
to public law energy efficiency control rules. However, there 
are many of these plants operating far under this rate due to 
the application of low pressure steam boilers.
There are visibly some main reasons driving public policies 
relating the subjects cogeneration, efficiency and biomass: 
-
Raising generation energy performance; 
-
Raising electricity generation supply; 
-
Raising of small distributed generation participation on 
the grid; and 
-
Lowering carbon emissions. 
On the other hand, a perception of unexplored energy 
savings on supply side now emerges more strongly due to the 
above described scenarios in USA, Europe and Brazil. 
Although cogeneration is intended to be a more efficient 
energy generation process, even with clear need for energy 
supply increase, even with incentives to low carbon emissions 
technologies related to biomass generation, it still remains like 
a marginal contributor to energy generation around the world, 
with few exceptions. Thus, the proposal of this work goes 
straight towards the establishment of a methodology that can 
be applied to as many plants as possible in order to better map 
where are those supply side energy losses and to develop other 
initiatives establishing effective continuous improvement 
programs for supply side energy management. 
IV. T
HE 
ISO-DIS
50001 
In a context of emerging policies for supply side energy 
efficiency management, the release of the brand new draft 
international standard “ISO/DIS 50001 Energy management 
systems - Requirements with guidance for use” is very 
convenient [9]. This standard specifies requirements for an 
organization to establish, implement, maintain and improve an 
energy management system and is applicable to energy supply 
and energy uses in any organization. It is based on the Plan-
Do-Check-Act continual improvement framework (the so 
called PDCA cycle) and covers all the requirements for an 
organization to establish its own energy management policy 
as: general requirements, management responsibility, energy 
policy, energy planning, implementation and operation, 
checking performance and management review. 
However, the ISO-DIS 50001 requirements neither 

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3 
establish technical requirements for energy performance, nor 
impose any structure for an energy management system 
beyond that commitments assumed by each organization in its 
own energy policy. Thus, the proposal of this work can be 
seen as filling a technical gap through the implementation of 
standardized overall energy efficiency indicators that could be 
grouped by technology. The large scale utilization of these 
standardized indicators in the generation sector can bring 
many benefits to supply side energy management policies for 
countries. Some of these benefits are listed below: 
-
National or Worldwide alignment over an accredited 
method for calculation and measurement of the 
overall plant energy efficiency; 
-
Classification and grouping of similar technology 
plants performance; 
-
Construction of a data base of overall energy 
efficiency, carrying studies on generation sector 
potential optimization; 
-
Implementation of other advanced public incentive 
policies; 
-
Benchmarking of overall energy efficiency 
maintenance on supply side; and 
-
Implementation of CDM compliant projects for carbon 
credits obtaining in cogeneration sector. 
V. T
HE 
M
ETHODOLOGY
The proposed methodology consists in detailing each 
component of the already known fuel utilization efficiency 
equation, based on the typical process flow diagram (PFD) for 
biomass cogeneration plants.