Reading Passage 1: "William Kamkwamba"

16 
Lumbered with – if you get lumbered with something, you have to deal with 
something or someone that you do not want to 
Example: I always seem to get lumbered with the job of cleaning up after a party 
17 
Disposable (adj) – describes a product that is intended to be thrown away after 
use (C2)
Example: disposable nappies; a disposable camera
IEL
TS ZONE
Word list

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258
Day 11 (Reading Passage 2: Establishing your birthrights)
Word list: 
1 
Re-enact (v) – if you re-enact an event, you try to make it happen again in exactly 
the same way that it happened first time, often as an entertainment 
Example: Police officers re-enacted the crime in an attempt to get witnesses to 
come forward
2 
Authoritative (adj) – showing that you are confident, in control, and expect to be 
respected and obeyed 
Example: She has an authoritative manner that at times is almost arrogant 
3 
Unyielding (adj) – completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand 
and etc. 
Example: Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new treaty 
4 
Instigate (v) – to cause an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions 
or a formal process begin
Example: The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism 
5 
Inevitable (adj) – certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented (C1)
Example: The accident was the inevitable result of carelessness
6 
Shrug off (v) – to treat something as if it is not important or not a problem
Example: The stock market shrugged off the economic gloom and rose by 1.5 
percent