Regulations for calcium, magnesium or hardness in drinking water in the European Union member states
Part III Basics of Maximum Values. Ohje 16/2018
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Part III Basics of Maximum Values. Ohje 16/2018.
France N (continued on next page) F. Kozisek Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 112 (2020) 104589 4 Table 2 (continued) Country Type of regulation Requirement or recommendation References/Notes Regulation only specifies that drinking water has to be at the calcio- carbonic balance or slightly scaling up, and also water must not be aggressive or corrosive. Arrêté du 11 janvier 2007 relatif aux limites et références de qualité des eaux brutes et des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine mentionnées aux articles R. 1321-2, R. 1321-3, R. 1321- 7 et R. 1321-38 du code de la santé publique. Order of 11 January 2007 relating to the limits and references for the quality of raw water and water intended for human consumption mentioned in Articles R. 1321-2, R. 1321-3, R. 1321-7 and R. 1321- 38 of the Public Health Code. Germany G Recommendation at which level of hardness to introduce water treatment in buildings to reduce scaling in plumbing: for drinking water ≥14 °dH (2.5 mmol/L), for hot water ≥ 8.4 °dH (1.5 mmol/L). DIN 1988–200:2012–05 Technische Regeln für Trinkwasser- Installationen - Teil 200: Installation Typ A (geschlossenes System) - Planung, Bauteile, Apparate, Werkstoffe; Technische Regel des DVGW. DIN 1988-200:2012-05 Codes of practice for drinking water installations - Part 200: Installation Type A (closed system) - Planning, components, apparatus, materials; DVGW code of practice. Greece N Hungary (HU) R Indicator parameter: Hardness (CaO): min. 50, max. 350 mg/L (= min 0.9 mmol/L, max. 6.25 mmol/L). Minimum required concentration (50 mg/L) is to be met in bottled drinking water, new water sources, and softened and desalinated water. 201/2001. (X. 25.) Korm. Rendelet az ivóvíz minőségi követelményeiről és az ellenőrzés rendjéről. 201/2001. (X. 25.) Government Decree on the quality requirements for drinking water and the order of inspection. Ireland N E Information for consumers published on public water supplier's website: Hard water is not harmful to your health, in fact, the higher mineral content of hard water (such as Calcium and Magnesium) may confer health benefits above that of soft water. … Due to the higher mineral content, hard water typically tastes nicer than soft water. Why Irish Water does not soften hard water There are good reasons why we don't chemically soften hard water. • There are no health risks involved in drinking and using hard water • Softening water removes beneficial minerals from hard water • There is no legislative requirement to remove hardness from drinking water • Depending on the technology used, artificially softened water may not be suitable for everyone to drink, e.g. increased Sodium levels caused by salt softening may not be suitable for infants or at-risk groups • Hard water can create an internal protective film on lead pipes or fittings. Water Hardness ( https://www.water.ie/water-supply/water- quality/water-hardness/ ) Italy (IT) R Indicator parameter “Hardness” - recommended values: 15–50 °F (= 1.5 – 5.0 mmol/L). The lower limit applies to water subjected to softening or desalination treatment. Decreto legislativo 2 febbraio 2001, n. 31. Attuazione della direttiva 98/83/CE relativa alla qualita delle acque destinate al consomo umano. Legislative Decree of 2 February 2001, No 31. Implementation of Directive 98/83/EC relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption. Latvia N Lithuania N Luxembourg N E Information for consumers published on the website of the authority: The water must retain a residual hardness of 10 – 15 °fr or 6 – 9 ° dH (=1.0 – 1.5 mmol/L) to avoid corrosion problems in the in-house pipe network. Only the hot water should be treated, as an increased sodium concentration (see table salt) in cold drinking water is not healthy. Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Administration de la gestion de l'eau: FAQs ( https://eau.public.lu/eau_potable/faq/index.html# frage8 ) Malta N Netherlands (NL) R Indicators, operational parameters: total hardness > 1 mmol/L. Total hardness to be calculated as the number of mmol Ca 2+ plus Mg 2+ /L. Standard value applies only when applying softening or desalination. Compliance is based on the 90 percentile value of the measurements. In official explanatory notes the following information is also included: „It is noted that when applying softening, the techniques are chosen such that the magnesium concentration does not change. … Recent WHO documents indicate the importance of magnesium for public health.” Besluit 293 van 23 mei 2011, houdende bepalingen inzake de productie en distributie van drinkwater en de organisatie van de openbare drinkwatervoorziening (Drinkwaterbesluit) Decree 293 of 23 May 2011, laying down provisions regarding the production and distribution of drinking water and the organization of the public drinking water supply (Drinking Water Decree). Poland (PL) R Additional chemical requirements: Hardness (expressed as CaCO 3 ): 60–500 mg/L (= 0.6 – 5 mmol/L). Note: Recommended value for health reasons – it means that this is a desirable value for human health, but does not require the water supply company to supplement the minimum content given. Magnesium: 7–125 mg/L. Note: Not more than 30 mg/L of Mg, if the sulphate concentration is equal to or higher than 250 mg/L. With a lower sulphate content, the permissible magnesium concentration is 125 mg/L. Recommended value for health reasons – it means that it is desirable for human health, but does not impose an obligation to supplement the minimum content given by a water supply company. Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia w sprawie jakości wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi z dnia 7 grudnia 2017 r. (Dz.U. z 2017 r. poz. 2294). Regulation of the Minister of Health on the quality of water intended for human consumption of 7 December 2017 (Journal of Laws of 2017, item 2294). (continued on next page) F. Kozisek Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 112 (2020) 104589 5 Very hard water may be partially softened to prevent scaling or unpleasant taste without an adverse health risk. However, there may be health benefits that are lost with the removal of Ca, Mg, and other minerals, and it may be feasible to require keeping some minimum level of these and other essential elements in the treated water. On the other hand, it is very difficult and may not be feasible to substantially in- crease the naturally low content of Ca and Mg in drinking water. Desalination and softening of drinking water significantly remove minerals that offer health benefits. Because these processes are in- creasingly being used, it is important to consider whether desalinated and softened water should have minimum levels of essential elements such as Mg, Ca, TDS and/or bicarbonate to improve taste and provide health benefits. The deterioration of health of population supplied with desalinated water has already been observed in Israel ( Shlezinger et al., 2016 , 2018 ) and with osmotic water in China ( Huang et al., 2018 , 2019 ). It is unjustifiable from a public health point of view to include new chemical parameters on drinking water monitoring list with neg- ligible health risk just because they are in centre of public and media attention and at the same time ignore the large scientific evidence of health risks from low mineral water. National administrations can protect public health from this emer- ging risk, and international bodies and organizations dealing with drinking water safety and quality should develop guidelines based on the most recent epidemiological knowledge and precautionary princi- ples. It would help not only the EU member states, which will be ob- liged by revised directive to establish minimum concentrations of cal- cium and magnesium or total dissolved solids in softened or demineralized water. Download 0.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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