- Thiazolidinediones: Troglitazone (Rezulin) - unrelated to other antidiabetic drugs
- - Action - Decrease insulin resistance, helps muscle cells respond to insulin & use glucose more effectively
- - May be used w/ sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin
- - May cause serious hepatic toxicity - Not used in England
- Rapaglinide (Prandin) - classification unknown - Newest
- - For use alone or w/ metfromin - short acting
- - Action - similar to sulfonylureas, but does not cause hypoglycemia
Antidiabetic Agents Oral Agents - Hyperglycemic Drugs - Glucagon
- - Action - A hyperglycemic hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans - Inc. bld sugar by stimulating glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) in the liver - protects body cells
- - Use - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia when other methods not available or not working
- - Clients prone to hypoglycemia should keep in home & family members taught how to use
- - Begins to work in 5 to 20 min.
Antidiabetic Agents Oral Agents - Diazoxide (Proglycem) - chemically related to thiazide diuretics
- - Action - Inc. bld sugar by inhibiting insulin release from the beta cells & stimulating release of epi (adrenalin from the adrenal medulla
- - Use - Chronic hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism d/t islet cell Ca or hyperplasia
- - Not used to Rx hypoglycemic rxns
- - Parenteral form (Hyperstat) used for malignant HTN
- - Oral diazoxide usually does not cause hypotension
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