Relativity: The Special and General Theory
THE RELATIVITY OF DISTANCE
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Einstein Relativity
THE RELATIVITY OF DISTANCE
35 moving with the velocity v along the embankment. In the first place we require to determine the points A and B of the embankment which are just being passed by the two points A' and B' at a particular time t — judged from the embank- ment. These points A and B of the embankment can be determined by applying the definition of time given in Section VIII . The distance between these points A and B is then measured by repeated application of the measuring-rod along the em- bankment. A priori it is by no means certain that this last measurement will supply us with the same result as the first. Thus the length of the train as measured from the embankment may be different from that obtained by measuring in the train itself. This circumstance leads us to a second objection which must be raised against the ap- parently obvious consideration of Section VI . Namely, if the man in the carriage covers the distance w in a unit of time — measured from the train, — then this distance — as measured from the embankment — is not necessarily also equal to w. XI THE LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION HE results of the last three sections show that the apparent incompatibility of the law of propagation of light with the principle of relativity (Section VII ) has been derived by means of a consideration which borrowed two unjustifiable hypotheses from classical mechanics; these are as follows: (1) The time-interval (time) between two events is independent of the condition of motion of the body of reference. (2) The space-interval (distance) between two points of a rigid body is independent of the condition of motion of the body of reference. If we drop these hypotheses, then the dilemma of Section VII disappears, because the theorem of the addition of velocities derived in Section VI becomes invalid. The possibility presents itself that the law of the propagation of light in vacuo may be compatible with the principle of relativity, and the question arises: How have we to modify the considerations of Section VI in order to remove 36 T |
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