Relativity: The Special and General Theory
BEHAVIOUR OF CLOCKS AND RODS
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Einstein Relativity
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- XXIV EUCLIDEAN AND NON–EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM
BEHAVIOUR OF CLOCKS AND RODS
97 would yield π exactly. This proves that the propositions of Euclidean geometry cannot hold exactly on the rotating disc, nor in general in a gravitational field, at least if we attribute the length 1 to the rod in all positions and in every orientation. Hence the idea of a straight line also loses its meaning. We are therefore not in a position to define exactly the co-ordinates x, y, z relative to the disc by means of the method used in discussing the special theory, and as long as the co-ordinates and times of events have not been defined we cannot assign an exact meaning to the natural laws in which these occur. Thus all our previous conclusions based on general relativity would appear to be called in question. In reality we must make a subtle detour in order to be able to apply the postulate of general relativity exactly. I shall prepare the reader for this in the following paragraphs. XXIV EUCLIDEAN AND NON–EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM HE surface of a marble table is spread out in front of me. I can get from any one point on this table to any other point by passing continuously from one point to a “neigh- bouring” one, and repeating this process a (large) number of times, or, in other words, by going from point to point without executing “jumps.” * I am sure the reader will appreciate with sufficient clearness what I mean here by “neighbouring” and by “jumps” (if he is not too pedantic). We express this property of the surface by describing the latter as a continuum. Let us now imagine that a large number of little rods of equal length have been made, their lengths being small compared with the dimensions of the marble slab. When I say they are of equal length, I mean that one can be laid on any other without the ends overlapping. We next lay four of these little rods on the marble slab so that they constitute a quadrilateral figure (a square), the diagonals of which are equally long. To ensure the equality of the diagonals, we make use of a 98 [ * jumps.” — J.M.] T |
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