Relativity: The Special and General Theory
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
Download 1.07 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Einstein Relativity
102
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY the situation depicted here corresponds to the one brought about by the general postulate of relativity (Section XXIII ). Gauss undertook the task of treating this two-dimensional geometry from first principles, without making use of the fact that the surface belongs to a Euclidean continuum of three dimensions. If we im- agine constructions to be made with rigid rods in the surface (similar to that above with the marble slab), we should find that different laws hold for these from those resulting on the basis of Euclidean plane geometry. The surface is not a Euclidean continuum with respect to the rods, and we cannot define Cartesian co-ordinates in the surface. Gauss indicated the principles according to which we can treat the geometrical relationships in the surface, and thus pointed out the way to the method of Riemann of treating multi- dimensional, non-Euclidean continua. Thus it is that mathemati- cians long ago solved the formal problems to which we are led by the general postulate of relativity. XXV GAUSSIAN CO–ORDINATES CCORDING to Gauss, this combined ana- lytical and geometrical mode of handling the problem can be arrived at in the following way. We imagine a system of arbitrary curves (see Fig. 4) drawn on the surface of the table. These we designate as u-curves, and we indicate each of them by means of a number. The curves u = 1 , u = 2 and u = 3 are drawn in the diagram. Between the curves u = 1 and u = 2 we must imagine an infinitely large number to be drawn, all of which correspond to real num- bers lying between 1 and 2 . We have then a system of u-curves, and this “in- finitely dense” system covers the whole surface of the table. These u-curves must not intersect each other, and through each point of the surface one and only one curve must pass. Thus a perfectly definite value of u belongs to every point on the surface of the marble slab. In like manner we 103 A |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling