GAUSSIAN CO–ORDINATES
105
v-curves and to attach numbers to them, in such
a manner, that we simply have:
.
2
2
2
dv
du
ds
+
=
Under these conditions, the u-curves and v-curves
are straight lines in the sense of Euclidean geom-
etry, and they are perpendicular to each other.
Here the Gaussian co-ordinates are simply Car-
tesian ones. It is clear that Gauss co-ordinates
are nothing more than an association of two sets
of numbers with the points of the surface con-
sidered, of such a nature that numerical values
differing very slightly from each other are asso-
ciated with neighbouring points “in space.”
So far, these considerations hold for a con-
tinuum of two dimensions. But the Gaussian
method can be applied also to a continuum of
three, four or more dimensions. If, for instance,
a continuum of four dimensions be supposed
available, we may represent it in the following
way. With every point of the continuum we
associate arbitrarily four numbers, x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
,
which are known as “co-ordinates.” Adjacent
points correspond to adjacent values of the co-
ordinates. If a distance ds is associated with
the adjacent points P and P', this distance being
measurable and well-defined from a physical point
of view, then the following formula holds:
2
4
44
2
1
12
2
1
11
2
.
.
.
.
2
dx
g
dx
dx
g
dx
g
ds
+
+
=
,
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