104
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
imagine a system of v-curves drawn on the surface.
These satisfy the same conditions as the u-curves,
they are provided with numbers in a correspond-
ing manner, and they may likewise be of arbitrary
shape. It follows that a value of u and a value
of v belong to every point on the surface of the
table. We call these two numbers the co-or-
dinates of the surface of the table (Gaussian
co-ordinates). For example, the point P in the
diagram has the Gaussian co-ordinates u
=
3
,
v
=
1
. Two neighbouring points P and P' on
the surface then correspond to the co-ordinates
P:
P':
u, v
u
+
du, v
+
dv,
where du and dv signify very small numbers. In
a similar manner we may indicate the distance
(line-interval) between P and P', as measured
with a little rod, by means of the very small
number ds. Then according to Gauss we have
,
2
22
12
2
11
2
2
dv
g
dv
du
g
du
g
ds
+
+
=
where g
11
, g
12
, g
22
, are magnitudes which depend
in a perfectly definite way on u and v. The
magnitudes g
11
, g
12
and g
22
determine the behaviour
of the rods relative to the u-curves and v-curves,
and thus also relative to the surface of the table.
For the case in which the points of the surface
considered form a Euclidean continuum with
reference to the measuring-rods, but only in this
case, it is possible to draw the u-curves and
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |