Renaissance literature in Eastern and Western literature

Renaissance literature in Eastern and Western literature
Fergana State University, Department of Linguistics (English)
Abdumuxtorova Gulyora Sherzodjon qizi
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Abstract: The article describes the appearance of the Renaissance in Eastern and Western literature, the foundations of the Renaissance, the development of literature in these two worlds. The views of Eastern Renaissance scholars are also widely covered.
Keywords: Renaissance, humanism, didactic, Islam, academy, philosopher, spirituality, heritage.
It is well known that the culture of the Renaissance in Europe arose as a result of the struggle against the tyranny of the Orthodox Church with the emergence of capitalist relations of production, which came to be known as the Renaissance. This concept has been used by historians of that period since the 16th century. According to them, by the XV-XVI centuries, there was an opportunity to revive the advanced ideas of ancient culture. However, this period saw the emergence of a completely different culture from the ancient cultures - the bourgeois culture, which began to be based on the ideas of humanism. These views were directed against the culture of old, orthodox feudal relations, especially religion and church bigotry.
If we look at the history of philosophy and culture of the Muslim East, we see that it emerged and developed in the second half of the seventh century, and from the ninth century onwards, many ideas and scientific evidence were consolidated and reached their peak. In the West, it is possible to observe the rise of science and thought only in the XIII-XIV centuries. In this regard, it is necessary to briefly dwell on the concept of "culture of the Renaissance" in general, as well as the characteristics of the culture of the East and the FAP "Renaissance" and their peculiarities.The Renaissance is, first of all, a period of transition to a new stage in social development, both in the relations of production and in spiritual life.
The Samanids, Qarakhanids, Gaynavis, Seljuks, Khorezmshahs, who appeared in Movarounnahr and Khorasan in the IX-XII centuries, first of all achieved economic growth. Then they created a cultural development based on Islamic spirituality. The unity of faith, the foundations of political governance, the rule of law, moral maturity, intellectual perfection, enlightenment, and the advancement of science, which are the foundations of spirituality, have reached a high stage. The concept of "Renaissance culture", in our opinion, is, firstly, the liberation of a particular nation or people from spiritual limitations, the emergence of a national shell, which first affects the regional and then global spirituality, and secondly, it means the revival, restoration, development and elevation of the national culture of a nation, people or people who have been degraded or oppressed by the spirituality of other stronger nations, doomed to fall from the stage of history.
The common denominators inherent in the culture of the Renaissance were, first, that the rulers of the East and the West were at the forefront of the cultural development of the Renaissance and enabled the development of the cultural process. For example, during the development of the culture of the Eastern Renaissance, the rulers of that period were the caliph Harun al-Rashid, his son Mamun, as well as representatives of the Samanids, Qarakhanids and other dynasties. They led the consolidation of Islam, the spread of enlightenment, and the development of various fields of science. Prominent scientists, jurists, engineers, historians, poets, architects and artists of that time gather in their capitals. They built and funded special science centers, libraries, and madrassas. Therefore, from the ninth century onwards, science, literature and art, architecture and theology began to flourish.

In turn, at the beginning of the cultural development of the Western Renaissance, it was led by the wealthy people of that time. In Florence, we know from history that the richest man in the city, Ban-kir Kozima Medichi, and then his granddaughter Lerendo. Cosimo Medici manages the socio-economic and cultural life of Florence. It gathers famous scientists and artists around it, provides them with jobs and sponsors them. As a result, Florence became the most culturally advanced homeland of Italy during the 15th century. The first art museum of ancient world art was established here. The Academy of Philosophy, the workshops of sculpture and fine arts were established.

Another important feature of the culture of the Renaissance is the democratic process in various fields of science. The great figures of that time, the devotees of science, regardless of their nationality or religious beliefs, fought for the development of a single goal - the sciences.
The sages of this period pay special attention to changing the attitude of man to himself, to the environment, to the cultural heritage of the past. Man, his destiny, his future, his dreams, his emotions have become the main theme of science and art. Cultural and spiritual influences are focused on the real person. As a result, people's worldview, appreciation of the past, morality.
The sages of this period pay special attention to changing the attitude of man to himself, to the environment, to the cultural heritage of the past. Man, his destiny, his future, his dreams, his emotions have become the main theme of science and art. Cultural and spiritual influences are focused on the real person. As a result, people's worldviews, values ​​of the past, moral and aesthetic views began to change.In general, the most important feature of the cultural development of the Renaissance is the high level of creative aspirations of certain ethnic groups to the restoration and promotion of national culture, national values ​​in social and spiritual development.
In our opinion, there are differences between the cultures of the East and the West in the Renaissance. During the Western Renaissance, the fulfillment of human material needs and interests was a special task. If we pay attention to the spirituality of the East and the West, we can see that in the East the focus is on the formation of a spiritually mature person, and the relationship between people is based on moral perfection, on religion. In Western culture, the emphasis is on material security. That is why in the West more material interests prevail.
If we look at the history of cultural development in the East, we see that in the Muslim East in the second half of the VII century, new ideas, ideas and views were put forward in many areas of science. In the West, we see the rise of science and thought only in the XV-XVI centuries.
The fact is that the ideas put forward by the philosophy and culture of the Muslim East were developed in the IX-XII centuries, and it should be noted that many of these ideas were proven in the West in the XV-XVI centuries.
Many of the scientific discoveries that were later proven and discovered in the West were originally made by Muslim Eastern thinkers, but the reason for their lack of scientific evidence is still unknown. Perhaps due to the fact that the majority of the population is illiterate, as in the West, or for other reasons unknown to us, many of these ideas have not been proven in the Muslim East, and have been interpreted for various reasons.
In the early ninth century, our great compatriot Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780-847) in the eighth century in Baghdad, one of the centers of science of his time, called "Madinatus salam" ("City of Peace"). formed the "House of Wisdom" / School of Wisdom /. And the leading, intelligent scientist of that time collected and supervised them, and conducted research on mathematics, handicrafts, science, life, astronomy and many other sciences, which has not lost its value even today. . He created unprecedented innovations in algebra. This science is directly related to the name of this scientist. From that time onwards, this science spread all over the world under the name of Al-Khwarizmi's work - "Aljabr val muqabala".
One of al-Khwarizmi's closest students, the great astronomer Ahmad Fergani, who was his secretary (died 861), was a prominent scientist, organizer, and astronomer of the academy in Baghdad. He is a scientist who has left news.
Another great philosopher, thinker, musicologist, and encyclopedist of the East, Abu Nasr al-Farabi (870-950), in his pamphlet The People of the Noble City, emphasized the importance of the humanist ideas of the European Renaissance in the development of culture. described many aspects of his property. In particular, in the above-mentioned pamphlet, it is stated that the mayor of a just city should be a just, honest, civic person, that men and women should work equally in this city, and that they should protect and raise their children while they are at work. Farobi also wrote a commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics, which facilitated the process of understanding the work, as well as the possibility that some human diseases could be treated with music (modern music therapy). He said it in his time. Farobi can be called an encyclopedic scholar whose views on culture are several centuries ahead of his time.