Research students

Modal Verbs followed by Perfect Infinitive

1. 
   The students should have been more attentive at the seminars.
   

Студентам следовало бы быть более внимательными на семинарах.

2. 
   The student may/must have read the book.
   

Возможно,/Должно быть студент прочел эту книгу.

3. 
   He can’t have read this article. It was published only yesterday.
   

Не может быть / Он не мог прочитать эту статью. Ее опубликовали только вчера.

4. 
   He needn’t have waited for the director, the application could be signed by the secretary.
   

Ему не нужно было ждать директора, заявление мог бы подписать секретарь.

5. 
   The opponent was to have come, but he didn’t.
   

Оппонент должен был приехать, но не смог.


Step 2. Translate into Russian the sentences with modal verbs and their equivalents

1. 
   The members of the dissertation committee do not necessarily have to be from the student’s own university.
   
2. 
   It is possible that your supervisor may be unaware of your concerns.
   
3. 
   One of the requirements is that your papers are to adhere to the form and style of the journal.
   
4. 
   One must also be able to effectively communicate his thoughts, ideas and research findings to others in the form of reports, articles, essays, multimedia presentations.
   
5. 
   Higher education institutions should provide postgraduates with the opportunity to develop the core competencies they need to succeed in research.
   
6. 
   The student may not have thought of this way before.
   
7. 
   The article should have been subjected to a thorough review process by experts to determine its reliability and accuracy.
   
8. 
   Persistence is necessary if creativity in science is to be recognized by others.
   
9. 
   The opponent might not have understood what you meant.
   
10. 
    You’d better apply for more than one job.
    
11. 
    The experiment ought to have been carried out before.
    
12. 
    One shouldn’t immediately ask an interviewer about job benefits.
    
13. 
    No member of the association shall remove official documents from these premises without written permission.
    
14. 
    Members of the first scientific society must have made predictions about future developments of science.