Reservoir model for twodimensional electron gases in quantizing magnetic fields: a review
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71 adabiyot zawadzki2013
Review
Article drops on the higher field sides are not vertical. As explained above, this feature is due to the increase of N at the field values corresponding to E F between LLs, see Fig. 3(b). At this point one can ask about the nature of reservoir. It has been assumed until present that the reservoir is given by donors in the GaAlAs barrier. In older works the donor modulation doping was extended over a certain width in the barrier which, after electrons were partly transferred to the well, became a depletion zone. This meant that the reservoir was extended over a finite energy range. In newer works, the modulation doping had a delta-like character, as a result the reservoir had a reasonably well-de fined energy. We will come back to the nature of reservoirs in the final discussion. The second question that arises is: how do electrons communicate between the reservoir and the well? It is generally assumed that the transfer occurs by some sort of tunnelling processes, which include phonon-assisted tran- sitions, impurity assisted transitions, hopping, etc. In general such transitions occur quite rapidly so that, in static experiments, they can be considered as instantaneous. 3 Quantum transport 3.1 Quantum magneto-transport In this section we consider magneto-transport effects from the point of view of the reservoir model. Historically, this subject is of central importance because the very idea of a reservoir was conceived by Baraff and Tsui [2] in relation to the QHE. Also, there exists huge literature concerned with the explanation of this phenomenon. However, in our present perspective the quantum transport is just another important physical domain in which the existence of a reservoir can be manifested. One should also be aware that, in general, experiments in transport phenomena are not easy to interpret because many physical factors come simultaneously into play. We begin by a simple description of experimental results on QHE and then review brie fly other papers related to this subject. According to the classical Drude model the conductivity components for the degenerate electron gas are s xx ¼ e 2 N m t 1 þ v 2 c t 2 ; s xy ¼ e 2 N m v c t 2 1 þ v 2 c t 2 ; ð7Þ where t is the relaxation time. The above relations give s xy ¼ ecN B þ s xx v c t ð8Þ and s xx s xy ¼ 1 v c t : ð9Þ In the range of high fields v c t 1 one has for arbitrary degeneracy of 2DEG s xy ecN B : ð10Þ One can introduce the well known resistance tensor with the components r xx ¼ s xx s 2 xx þ s 2 xy ; r xy ¼ s xy s 2 xx þ s 2 xy : ð11Þ For strong degeneracy one has at all fields r xy 1 s xy ¼ B ecN ; ð12Þ while at high fields one has for arbitrary degeneracy N ¼ r xy B ec r 2 xx þ r 2 xy : ð13Þ Figure 4 Magnetic- field dependence of the electron density N in GaAs/GaAlAs heterojunction, calculated with the use of parabolic (P curves) and nonparabolic (NP curves) models for the conduction band of GaAs. Spacer length: (a) L S ¼ 20 nm and (b) L S ¼ 8.2 nm. Experimental results for N obtained from ShdH measurements [26] are marked by crosses. The calculated filling factors n are indicated. After Ref. [25]. Figure 5 Magnetic- field dependence of the Fermi energy and Landau energies for the spacer length L S ¼ 8.2 nm, calculated with the use of parabolic (P curves) and nonparabolic (NP curves) band models for GaAs. After Ref. [25]. 252 W. Zawadzki et al.: Reservoir model for 2DEGs in quantizing magnetic fields ß 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.pss-b.com Download 1.56 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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