Rus va ingliz tillari kafedrasi roman-german filologiyasiga kirish

(Ostyak, Vogul) are found in central Siberia. The majority of the languages in this 
family are spoken in Siberia (Mordvin, Komi, Nenets) apart from Sami which is 
spoken in Lapland (northern Scandinavia). 
Yukaghir (spoken in eastern Siberia) uses a pre-literate form of pictograms 
similar to those of some Native Americans. 
The Uralic Languages have many suffixes. Finnish, for example, behaves as if 
it had 15 noun cases, Hungarian has 17. Country names in Finnish are difficult to 
recognize. Finland, for example, is Suomi. Mordvin has complex verbs varying for 

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subject and object over four tenses and 7 moods. 
The Altaic Family of Languages 
The Altaic Family is named after the Altai Mountains, in Central Asia. These 
people were nomadic horsemen living in the plains. One group migrated towards 
Europe; the other group migrated towards the Korean Peninsula and the islands of 
Japan. 
Turkish is the most westerly member of this family as well as the most 
spoken. Many of the others are spoken in former USSR republics Azeri (in 
Azerbaijan), Turkmen (in Turkmenia), Kazakh (in Kazakhstan), Kirghiz (in 
Kyrgyzstan), Uzbek (in Uzbekistan), Uigur (in Western China east of the Pamir 
Mountains). 
Mongolian is found in Mongolia (where it is written in the Cyrillic script) and 
Northern China (with a script that goes down rather than horizontal). Korean and 
Japanese are the most easterly Altaic languages. 
The scripts used by these languages depend on historical or political factors. 
Turkish uses a Latin-based script, the ex-Soviet languages and Mongolian ones use 
the Cyrillic alphabet. Korean has its own distinctive script. Korean writing evolved 
separately from all the other scripts in the world, having been invented six hundred 
years ago. The language used to be written in Chinese characters. 
Japanese is still written with Chinese characters (called Kanji) but there are 
two other alphabetic scripts. Hiragana is used to indicate prefixes and suffixes while 
Katakana is used for foreign words. 
The Altaic languages have lots of suffixes and a property called vowel 
harmony. This means that the vowels are divided into two groups. Words will either 
have one type of vowel or the other. All the suffixes have two forms one for each 
type of vowel. In Turkish, the plural is formed by the addition of LER or LAR. The 
suffixes themselves can be glued on one after the other. For example, EV is house,