Russia (Russian: Россия, romanized: Rossiya, [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation

Geography

Main article: Geography of Russia

Topographic map of Russia
Russia's vast landmass stretches over the easternmost part of Europe and the northernmost part of Asia.^[211] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia; and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, of over 37,653 km (23,396 mi).^[f][213] Russia lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W, extending some 9,000 km (5,600 mi) east to west, and 2,500 to 4,000 km (1,600 to 2,500 mi) north to south.^[214] Russia, by landmass, is larger than three continents,^[g] and has the same surface area as Pluto.^[215]
Russia has nine major mountain ranges, and they are found along the southernmost regions, which share a significant portion of the Caucasus Mountains (containing Mount Elbrus, which at 5,642 m (18,510 ft) is the highest peak in Russia and Europe);^[8] the Altai and Sayan Mountains in Siberia; and in the East Siberian Mountains and the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East (containing Klyuchevskaya Sopka, which at 4,750 m (15,584 ft) is the highest active volcano in Eurasia).^[216][217] The Ural Mountains, running north to south through the country's west, are rich in mineral resources, and form the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia.^[218] The lowest point in Russia and Europe, is situated at the head of the Caspian Sea, where the Caspian Depression reaches some 29 metres (95.1 ft) below sea level.^[219]
Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,^[211] has links with a great number of seas.^[h][220] Its major islands and archipelagos include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril Islands (four of which are disputed with Japan), and Sakhalin.^[221][222] The Diomede Islands, administered by Russia and the United States, are just 3.8 km (2.4 mi) apart;^[223] and Kunashir Island of the Kuril Islands is merely 20 km (12.4 mi) from Hokkaido, Japan.^[2]
Russia, home of over 100,000 rivers,^[211] has one of the world's largest surface water resources, with its lakes containing approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water.^[217] Lake Baikal, the largest and most prominent among Russia's fresh water bodies, is the world's deepest, purest, oldest and most capacious fresh water lake, containing over one-fifth of the world's fresh surface water.^[224] Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russia are two of the largest lakes in Europe.^[211] Russia is second only to Brazil by total renewable water resources.^[225] The Volga in western Russia, widely regarded as Russia's national river, is the longest river in Europe; and forms the Volga Delta, the largest river delta in the continent.^[226] The Siberian rivers of Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Amur are among the world's longest rivers.^[227]