S h a k a r s I m o n p o lis a X a r id la r j u m L a s I g a m o le k u la s I o L t ita g a c h a m o n o
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Bu d is a x a r id n in g n o m i uni su td a n olinishi tu fay li k elib c h i q q a n (lo tin c h a laktum - sut). U s ig ir suti ta r k ib id a 4 - 5 ,5 % , a y o l l a r s u tid a 5 , 5 - 8 , 4 % boMadi. L a k to z a p - l , 4 - g l u k o z i d b o g 'i b ila n b i r i k k a n D - g a l a k t o p i r a n o z a v a D - g l u k o p i r a n o z a q o l d i q l a r i d a n tashkil topgan. G likozid b o g ‘ning hosil boMishida ishtirok etgan D-galak- to piranozaning a n o m e r u g le r o d a to m i P - k o n f ig u r a ts iy a g a e g a . D - g lu k o - piran o zan in g a n o m e r uglerod atom i esa y o a-(cx-laktoza), yoki p -k o n fi- g u r a ts iy a ( P - l a k t o z a ) g a e g a boMishi m u m k in : Y u q o r i d a k o ‘r s a tilg a n id e k , la k to z a n in g t a u t o m e r s h a k lla ri o ‘z a ro m u v o z a n a t d a boMadi, s h u n i n g u c h u n u a ld e g id la r g a x o s re a k s iy a la r g a k ir is h a d i. L a k t o z a b o s h q a s h a k a r l a r d a n g i g r o s k o p i k e m a s l i g i b ila n f a r q q i l a d i . U f a r m a t s i y a d a o s o n g i d r o l i z l a n u v c h i d o ri s a q l o v c h i p o r o s h o k l a r t a y y o r l a s h d a is h la tila d i. L a k t o z a n i n g a h a m i y a t i g ‘o y a t katta, c h u n k i u m u h i m o z u q a m o d d a boMib, o d a m v a su t e m iz u v c h i h a y v o n l a r n i n g o ‘s a y o tg a n o r g a n iz m i u c h u n a y n i q s a zarur. S axaroza (q a m is h s h a k a ri y o k i lav lag i s h a k a ri) s h a k a r q a m i s h d a va qand lavlagida j u d a keng tarqalgan (quruq m assaga nisbatan 2 8 % gacha s a q la n a d i) . B u n d a n ta s h q a ri u p a l m a m e v a s id a , j o ‘x o r id a h a m k o ‘p m i q d o r d a s a q la n a d i. S a x a r o z a g i d r o l i z l a n g a n d a oc-D -g lu k o p iran o za va P -D -f r u k to - f u r a - n o z a hosil boMadi: l a k t o z a n i n g h a l q a l i s h a k l i l a k t o z a n i n g a l d e g i d s h a k l i s a x a r o z a a - D - g l u k o - p - D - f r u k t o - p i r a n o z a f u r a n o z a 331 а - D - g l u k o p i r a n o z a b ilan (3 -D -fru k to fu ran o z a q o ld iq la r in i b o g ‘lab tu ru v ch i g lik o z id b o g ‘ h a r ik k ala m o n o s a x a r id a n o m e r u g lero d ato m id a g i g id r o k s illa r n in g o ‘z a ro t a ’s i r l a s h u v id a n hosil b o ‘lg a n , s h u n i n g u c h u n s a x a r o z a m o l e k u l a s i d a e rk in y a r i m a s e t a l g i d r o k s i l b o ' l m a y d i . S h u sab ab li s a x a r o z a h a l q a - o k s o - t a u t o m e r i y a g a u c h r a m a y d i, u n in g e r itm a s i m u ta r o ta s iy a h o d is a s in i b e r m a y d i, s a x a r o z a q a y t a r u v c h a n l i k x o ssa sin i n a m o y o n q ilm a y d i - T o lle n s h a m d a F e lin g reak tiv la ri b ilan r e a k s iy a g a k iris h m a y d i: S a x a r o z a kabi q a y t a r i l m a y d i g a n d is a x a r id la r n i n o m l a s h d a ik k in c h i m o l e k u l a m o n o s a x a r i d n i n g n o m i g l u k o z i d l a r u c h u n x o s b o ‘lgan “ o z id " q o ‘s h im c h a s i b ilan tu g atilad i. B u g lu k o z id b o g ‘i h o sil b o N is h id a h a r i k k a la m o n o s a x a r i d n i n g g lu k o z i d g id ro k s illa ri o ‘z a r o t a ’s irla s h g a n in i k o ‘rsatad i. T ib b i y o t d a s a x a r o z a S a c c h a r u m a l b u m n o m i b ilan p o r o s h o k la r , sh ar- b atlar, b o la la r u c h u n s u y u q d o r i l a r ta y y o r l a s h d a ishlatiladi. S h a k a r g a o ‘x s h a m a g a n m u r a k k a b u g l e v o d l a r y o k i y u q o r i p o l i sax arid lar k im y o v iy tuzilishi j ih a td a n p o l i g l i k o z i d l a r d e b q araladi. Y u q o ri p o lis a x a rid ta rk ib id a g i h a r b ir m o n o s a x a r i d q o l d i g 'i o ‘zidan oldingi m o n o s a x a rid bilan b iro rta spirt g idroksil g u ru h i ( k o ‘p in c h a C -3 , C - 4 , C - 6 d a g is i) o rq a li b irik k a n b o ‘lsa, o ‘z id a n k e y in g i m o n o s a x a r i d q o l d i g 'i b ilan b o g 1 hosil qilish u c h u n a lb a tta y a r im asetal g id ro k sil ishtirok etadi. Y u q o ri p o lisax arid zanjiri o x irid a q a y ta ru v c h i m o n o s a x a rid q o l d i g ‘i b o ‘ladi. O x irg i m o n o s a x a r i d hissasi b u tu n m a k r o m o l e k u l a d a g i 332 1 <— a -k o n f ig u ra ts iy a 1 ,2 -g lik o z id b o g 'i ) 2 <— p -k o n fig u ra tsiy a C H ,O H C H ,O H OH H 16.7. P O L IS A X A R ID L A R Download 272.3 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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