Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti ingliz filologiyasi va tarjimashunoslik fakulteti ingliz filologiyasi kafedrasi rasulova mohinur samad qizi

1.2. Herman Melville – the poet of the American Renaissance period
Herman Melville was born August 1, 1819, New York City—and died September 28, 1891, New York City who was American novelist, short-story writer, and poet, best known for his novels of the sea, including his masterpiece, Moby Dick (1851). Melville’s heritage and youthful experiences were perhaps crucial in forming the conflicts underlying his artistic vision. He was the third child of Allan and Maria Gansevoort Melville, in a family that was to grow to four boys and four girls [3, 34]. 
In search of adventure, the young Melville left his native Massachusetts and joined a whaling expedition to the South Pacific where he fell under the spell of the exotic and promiscuous Polynesian culture. Melville's early novels presented a romanticized picture of the South Pacific, contrasted with what he viewed as the repressive, guilt-ridden ethos of Victorian New England. These travel narratives won an enthusiastic readership [8, 67].
As Melville matured he began to use the fictional form to probe metaphysical and psychological questions, culminating in his masterpiece, Moby-Dick. This long, thematically innovative novel had no precedent and can fairly be said to stand alone in its trenchant use of symbols and archetypes. The novel follows the monomaniacal quest of the sea captain Ahab for the white whale Moby-Dick, and is a figurative exploration of the author's tortured quest to come to terms with God. According to his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne, Melville "can neither believe nor be comfortable in his unbelief."
Moby-Dick was greeted with critical incomprehension, while Melville's next novel, Pierre, or the Ambiguities, was denounced so violently for its grandiose aims and artistic flaws that Melville's reputation was ruined for the remainder of his life and he fell into obscurity. Melville was rediscovered in the 1920s and is now recognized as a starkly original American voice [4, 45]. His major novel Moby-Dick, short stories, and late novella, Billy Budd, Sailor, published posthumously, made daring use of the absurd and grotesque and prefigured later modernist literature [9, 300].
Moby-Dick has become Melville's most famous work and is justly considered as the great American novel. It was dedicated to Melville's friend Nathaniel Hawthorne. Melville also wrote White-Jacket, Typee, Omoo, Pierre: or, The Ambiguities, The Confidence-Man and many short stories and works of various genres [10, 78]. His short story Bartleby the Scrivener is among his most important pieces, and has been considered a precursor to Existentialist and Absurdist literature. Melville is less well known as a poet and did not publish poetry until late in life [5, 32]. After the American Civil War, he published Battle-Pieces, which sold well. But again tending to outrun the tastes of his readers, Melville's epic length verse-narrative Clarel, about a student's pilgrimage to the Holy Land, was also quite unknown in his own time. His poetry is not as highly critically esteemed as his fiction, although a handful of poets have esteemed his poetry, including Robert Lowell.
Moby-Dick was first published by Richard Bentley in expurgated form (in three volumes) as The Whale in London on October 18, 1851, and then in full, by Harper and Brothers, as Moby-Dick; or, The Whale in New York on November 14, 1851, in a single volume. Moby-Dick's style was revolutionary for its time: descriptions in intricate, imaginative, and varied prose of the methods of whale-hunting, the adventure, and the narrator's reflections interweave the story's themes with a huge swath of Western literature, history, religion, mythology, philosophy, and science. Although its initial reception was unfavorable, Moby-Dick is now considered to be one of the canonical novels in the English language, and has secured Melville's reputation in the first rank of American writers [6, 41].