Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti ingliz tili II fakulteti ingliz tili nazariyasi va adabiyoti kafedrasi

SEMINAR 14: Public speaking in English.
Aim: To acquaint students with theories of oratory techniques applicable to their own learning and teaching situations
Objectives: By the end of the course students will
• obtain an overview of key issues and research findings in oratory discussions and the ideas of the course to their thoughts and experiences both as learners and future teachers
• reflect on their own language learning processes by linking theories of oratory with practical experience
People speak in public for many reasons. One of the most common forms of public speaking is the 'Presentation'. In a presentation, you 'present' or introduce something (a product, an idea, financial results, a project etc) to your audience. You give a presentation because you want to 'communicate' something. Generally, you want to do one of four things. You want:
• to inform
• to train
• to persuade
• to sell
A presentation is one of the best ways of communicating your message. And because English is so widely used in international business, a knowledge of the vocabulary and techniques used in an English language presentation is very useful. This article will give you 7 of the most important areas to consider when giving any presentation.
1 Preparation
Prepare! Prepare! Prepare! Good preparation is essential for any presentation. With good preparation and planning you will be fully confident. Your audience will feel your confidence. And so your audience will be confident in you. This will give you control. With control, you will be 'in charge' and your audience will listen positively to your message.
2 Structure
A good presentation has a clear structure, like a good book or film. A good presentation has:
• a beginning (introduction & preview)
• a middle (main message)
• an end (review & conclusion)
3 Equipment
You may have any of the following pieces of equipment at your disposal:
• whiteboard
• flipchart
• overhead projector
• 35mm slide projector
• computer graphics
Each of these has advantages and disadvantages. The important thing is to be the master of your equipment, not the slave. You should know and understand your equipment perfectly.
4 Visual Aids
"A picture is worth 1,000 words." There are many types of visual aids - photographs, graphs, pie charts, maps, tables, real samples etc. But you should use visual aids with care. Do not overload your audience with too much information in a short time. A good rule is: use one image to give one message. Do not try to give two messages with one image.
5 Signposting
When you read a book, you know where you are. You know the title of the book, the subject, the chapter, the end of one chapter and beginning of another, the section and even the page number. But when you give a presentation, your audience does not know where they are - unless you TELL them! You can use special language called 'signalling' or 'signposting' that helps your audience know where they are. Here are a few examples:
• Let's begin by...
• That's all I have to say about...
• Now we'll move on to...
• Let's consider this in more detail...
• I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...
• I'd like now to recap...
• To start with...later...to finish up...
6 Audience Rapport
You need a warm and friendly relationship with your audience. How do you achieve this? Well, enthusiasm is contagious. If you are enthusiastic, your audience will be enthusiastic too. Try to make eye contact with each member of your audience. Each person should feel that you are speaking to him or her personally.
7 Body Language
What you do NOT say can be more important than what you say. Your BODY is speaking to your audience even before you open your mouth. Your clothes, your walk, your glasses, your haircut, your expression: it is from these that your listeners form their first impression as you enter the room.
5 Techniques to Achieve Public Speaking Perfection in English
What could be feared more than death?
Apparently, for some people, it is public speaking! The fear of public speaking has its own term: glossophobia. You might understand this fear if you are an English language learner who has ever had to give a speech or presentation in English.
It is hard enough in your own language, let alone a foreign one! But you might not be able to avoid speaking English in public, so you may as well learn to get over the fear. Luckily, it will be easier than you think. In this article, we will share five techniques to prepare you for inspiring, confident public speaking in English.
What Are the Components of a Successful Speech? Any speech you might need to make, from a business presentation to a personal introduction in front of new classmates, requires more than just the spoken words. Great public speaking typically also comprises three core types of communication: physical, visual and the story.
• Physical: This includes your English body language and sometimes the environment that you choose to give your presentation in. It tells listeners how confident you are about the topic and how approachable you will be if they have any questions.
For example, facing the audience with a smile and a straight posture will help you seem confident and friendly, making the audience more likely to listen to and trust your speech. Many people tend to overlook this aspect while preparing for their public speech, but physical communication can leave a long-lasting impression on the audience.
• Visual: This includes pictures, charts and graphs, PowerPoint slides—any visual element that reinforces your speech and helps your audience follow along. You can either use a slideshow projected on a screen or bring physical objects to the stage with you.
• Story: The story is the core of your speech. It involves both the words you say and their emotional content—so it determines your physical and visual communication, too.
For example, if you are telling an inspirational story, your facial expression should be uplifting rather tha n serious. Similarly, if you present the business results of the first quarter, your visuals should probably include graphs and charts but not photographs.
5 Techniques to Achieve Public Speaking Perfection in English
1. Learn Key English Phrases for Speeches
It is terrifying when you have to give a talk in front of a group of people in a foreign language. Besides the standard concerns like, “What if I am too boring” or “What if my mind goes blank,” you have an extra worry: the language barrier.
By memorizing these key phrases, you have a set of tools to keep your speech on track. Whenever you start to feel nervous, just use one of these phrases to add some structure to your speech. As long as you rehearse them very well, retrieving them in critical moments will be effortless and you will be amazed how that smooth operation will help with your confidence.
Warm up by thanking the audience:
It is always difficult to start a public talk as the audience is not always totally focused. Some people might be distracted because they came in a bit late, others might let their mind wander as they do not know what to expect. Do not launch into your content immediately, but start with getting the full attention of the audience.
You can use one of the following phrases to warm up and thank your listeners:
• Thank you all for being here today.
• I’m happy to see you all today.
• It’s my honor that you are joining me for this presentation.
Introduce your topic or the reason for your speech:
After thanking the audience, signify that you are starting your talk with one of these phrases.
• Let me begin with…
• I’d like to start by telling you about…
• Today I am going to present…
Interact with the audience:
Though it is your stage, you should not just talk for the whole time. Invite the audience to ask questions, give feedback and provide comments. That is a great way to keep them engaged. Here are some phrases to give space for audience interaction, at specific moments or throughout your speech:
• Before I move on, does anyone have any questions?
• I’d like to pause now and give you an opportunity to respond.
• Please feel free to raise your hand if you have a question at any point during my talk.
Make sure you address their opinions, even if they are different from yours. Here are some phrases you can use in such a situation.
• I hear what you are saying, but let me draw your attention to…
• Would you like to explain more about…
• Are there any other comments about this point before I give my response?
Close the presentation:
Do not forget to thank the audience again before finishing your speech. Use one of the following expressions:
• Thank you all for your time and attention.
• With that, I want to wrap up (end) my presentation. Thank you for listening.
• I’d like to end my presentation here. Thanks for coming and if you have any more questions, I’d be happy to answer them afterward.
2. Master the Art of Storytelling
Why are we waiting so eagerly for the next season of “Game of Thrones” or crying when we read “The Hunger Games?”
It is all about the story. If you want to engage your audience, you will also need to learn the art of storytelling. Even something as dry as a quarter performance review should have a story about how and why those numbers exist.
For example, analyze some great speeches and their story components. Maybe you can start with one of the following:
• Mahatma Gandhi, “Quit India”
• Winston Churchill, “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”
• Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream”
Of course, storytelling is not something you can learn quickly and master after a couple of hours, but we can help you to understand a good story and apply the principles to your next public speaking event.
Introduce characters and the problem:
You need to introduce the characters of your story and their problem as soon and as clearly as possible. For example, if you present a project to build a new school in remote areas in your country, you should tell your audience about a few children living in such areas and the problems they have due to a lack of formal education. Before diving into how beneficial your project would be, let the audience connect with these children and understand their situation.
Here is an example of what you can say:
“Let’s first meet Ching. She is 10 years old. Every day, instead of going to school like other children her age, Ching goes to the field.”
Explain the plan to solve the problem:
Telling people about a problem is just the beginning. You need to arm your audience with a plan and show them how such a problem could be solved.
By guiding listeners through each step of resolving the issue, you build up momentum and keep them engaged. You can use this structure to describe your plan:
“First, we will [do X]. Then, when [X] is ready, we can follow up with [Y]. Providing that everything goes as planned, after three months, we can start [Z].”
Offer a happy ending:
Why do we keep telling fairy tales?
Because their happy endings bring us hope. You want to give the same feeling to your audience. So, you should explain how your plan or the information in your presentation will help achieve a happy ending for your story.
You can say something like this:
“Based on the statistics, I believe that this plan could work to help the children in need and solve their education problem in the long run.”
3. Learn English Body Language with Fluent.
As discussed above, you need to express confidence when you speak in public. Your belief in your own ability and your opinions can be even more evident in the way you hold your body than in your words.
But every culture has different rules for physical communication. If you did not grow up in an English-speaking environment, you might not know which types of body language your audience will respond to.