Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti ingliz tili II fakulteti ingliz tili nazariyasi va adabiyoti kafedrasi
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4.Hall, Edward T. (1979). Beyond Culture. New York:Doubleday. 5.Hunt, Todd, and Ruben, Brent D. (1992). Mass Communication: Producers and Consumers. New York: HarperCollins. 6.Kim, Young Y. (1988). Communication and Cross-Cultural Seminar 8: Semantic features of public speech. Aim: To acquaint students with types of persuasive speech and components applicable to their own learning and teaching situations Objectives: By the end of the course students will • obtain an overview of key issues and research findings in oratory discussions and the ideas of the course to their thoughts and experiences both as learners and future teachers Public speech is a special form of speech activity in conditions of direct communication, speech addressed to a certain audience, oratory. Public speech is pronounced in order to inform listeners and to provide them with the desired impact (persuasion, suggestion, inspiration, a call to action, etc.). By its nature, it is a monologic speech, that is, designed for passive perception, not suggesting a reciprocal verbal reaction. V. Vinogradov, a prominent linguistic scholar, wrote: “Speech is a special form of a dramatic monologue adapted to the situation of a public or civil” action. “ In the opinion of specialists, for a modern monologue, lengthy segments of the text are typical, consisting of utterances that have an individual compositional structure and relative semantic completeness. These signs are also characteristic of public speech. However, there are no strict boundaries between the monologue and the dialogue. Almost in any monologue there are elements of “dialogization,” the desire to overcome the passivity of the perception of the addressee, the desire to involve him in active mental activity. This is especially characteristic of oratorical speech. If we consider a public speech from a socio-psychological point of view, then it is not just a speaker’s monologue before the audience, but a complex process of communication with listeners, and the process is not one-sided, but two-way, that is dialogue. The interaction between the speaker and the audience is subjective-subjective. Both sides are subjects of joint activity, co-creation, and each fulfills its role in this complex process of public communication. Oratory speech is characterized by a number of features that determine its essence: The presence of “feedback” (reaction to the speaker’s words). In the process of speaking, the speaker has the opportunity to observe the behavior of the audience and, in response to her words, to catch her mood, attitude to the spoken words, and, according to individual cues and questions from the audience, determine what is currently worried about the listeners and, in accordance with this, correct their speech. It is the “feedback” that turns the speaker’s monologue into a dialogue, is an important means of establishing contact with listeners. Oral form of communication. Public speech is a living, direct conversation with listeners. It realizes the oral form of the literary language. Oral speech, unlike writing, is addressed to the present interlocutor and in many respects depends on who and how it listens. It is perceived by ear, therefore it is important to build and organize a public performance in such a way that its content is immediately understood and easily assimilated by listeners. The scientists found that only 50% of the information received is reproduced in the perception of written speech. The same message, stated orally and perceived by ear, is reproduced up to 90%. A complex relationship between the book’s speech and its oral incarnation. Oratory speech, as a rule, is carefully prepared. In the process of thinking, developing and writing the text of the speech, the speaker relies on book-written sources (scientific, popular science, journalistic, fiction, dictionaries, reference books, etc.), so the prepared text is essentially a book speech. But, going to the rostrum, the speaker should not just read the text of the speech from the manuscript, but pronounce it so that it is understood and accepted. And then there are elements of colloquial speech, the speaker begins to improvise taking into account the reaction of listeners. Speech becomes a spontaneous oral speech. And the more experienced the speaker, the better he can go from book-written forms to live, immediate oral speech. It should be borne in mind, however, Thus, as the authors of the textbook “The Culture of Oral Speech” (M. 1999) write, “bookishness and conversationality are the dangers that constantly confront the speaker.” The speaker should constantly balance, choosing the optimal variant of speech. Using different means of communication. Since public speech is an oral form of communication, it uses not only linguistic means, although language is the protagonist’s main weapon, and the speaker’s speech must be distinguished by high speech culture. An important role in the performance process is also played by paralinguistic, non-verbal means of communication (intonation, loudness of voice, timbre of speech, its pace, features of pronunciation of sounds, gestures, facial expressions, type of selectable posture, etc.) Related Posts: Speech oral and written Written and oral forms of speech have different material basis: moving layers of air (sounds) – in oral speech and paint (letter) – in written speech. With this difference, the rich intonational possibilities of oral speech and the absence of those in written speech are associated. Intonation is created by the melody of speech, the Speech as a means of communication Communication is communication between people, reflecting the level of their information in any area, which serves as a means of information transfer and as a whole is a necessary “attribute” in the life of each person. There is, for example, the language of the deaf and dumb, and this is also a means of communication. What is colloquial style of speech Conversational style: its main features Conversational style is a style of speech that serves for direct communication between people. Its main function is communicative (information exchange). Conversational style is presented not only in oral speech, but also in written form – in the form of letters, notes. But mostly this style is used in oral. Relevance of Speech The richness of speech is the maximum saturation of it with different, not repetitive means of the language, necessary to express the necessary meaningful information. Opposite to wealth concept – poverty of speech. The richness of speech is multilayered: wealth is lexical, phraseological, semantic, syntactic, intonational. The lexical richness of speech is reflected in various. What is the culture of speech Culture is a kind of code of laws and rules, according to which a person should behave in a certain way in different situations. Culture should be inculcated from childhood, first of all by parents, and also by the society in which a person rotates. Cultural books certainly serve as books, enriching our thoughts. Culture of speech communication. A culture of speech The culture of speech can be considered the most important indicator of culture in general. Therefore, there are no limits to the perfection of speech and manners. It is not enough to learn to avoid speech mistakes, you have to constantly expand your vocabulary, be able to hear your opponent, understand him, respect his opinion. Composition “Speech” In my opinion, speech is one of the most important ways of communication. Every day we talk with different people, and everyone expresses their emotions through speech. In the manner of talking a person, we can make an impression of him. Let’s discuss with you what is actually a culture of speech. Inappropriately a direct speech Indirectly direct speech is “a fragment of a narrative text that transmits words, thoughts, feelings, perceptions, or only the semantic position of one of the depicted characters, and the narrator’s text is not marked by graphic signs (or their equivalents), or by entering words (or their equivalents ) “. Correctness of speech is the key to success The culture of speech is a relatively young area of the science of language. As an independent section of this doctrine, it took shape due to the influence of radical social changes that have occurred in our country in recent years. In particular, the increased attention to raising the level of the culture of speech . Composition on the theme “Speech” The way our vocabulary is formed in the process of learning, explains clearly the work on “The Speech of Man”, from which we learn about the benefits of reading different literature for the development of our own coherent speech. Tangling, inherent in modern adolescents (and not only), is a consequence of their lack of imagination. Types of speech culture As a rule, a good speech is a sign that its author belongs to the elite type of speech culture. On the other hand, representatives of this type of speech culture are able to create good texts. In the sphere of the literary language there are two established (elitist and middle literary) and two emerging . “Culture of speech” composition “The high culture of speech consists in the ability to find not only an accurate means for expressing one’s thoughts, but also the most intelligible (that is, the most expressive) and the most appropriate (that is, the most appropriate for the given case).” Explanatory Dictionary of Russian S. Ozhegov I am sure that without love .Phraseologisms unchanged companions of our speech In the textbook of the Russian language there is a saying: “Phraseological units are invariable companions of our speech, we often use them in everyday speech, sometimes even without noticing, because many of them are familiar and familiar from childhood.” Phraseologicalisms are stable combinations of words with a portable meaning. Artistic features “Crime and Punishment” F. FM Dostoyevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” was published in 1866. His author lived most of his life in rather cramped material conditions, caused by the need to pay off his debts for the publication of the magazines “Epoch” and “Time”, undertaken by the Dostoevsky brothers until the death of his elder brother Mikhail. Composition on “Introductory Words” Introductory words and introductory sentences are used to make the text more harmonious. These are original words-assistants, which establish a logical connection between parts of the utterance. The Art of Communication Human speech is a great gift of nature, but this does not mean that everyone has a talent for communication from birth. After all, we can not disagree with the fact that the mere ability to speak and gesticulate can not make a person a perfect companion. And in order to achieve high success in […]... An essay on the theme of a culture of speech I am sure that without love and respect for one’s native language, there can be no talk about the spiritual culture of man and the culture of his speech. This culture is a testament to the overall development of the individual and speaks of the degree to which a person accustoms to the spiritual values .Writing and language Language exists in two forms – oral and written. The written form of the language arises in connection with the need to transmit information over a distance and keep it in time. Signs of letters appear at a time when it was necessary to count and remember how many heads of cattle go on pastures. Psychological features of children of primary school age It is common knowledge that it is customary to refer to the younger school age the age period of children from 7 to 11 years. The main activity in children at this age is learning activity. The period begins with the process of adaptation to the school, which lasts 5-6 weeks. Composition with a direct speech Direct speech is a way of conveying someone else’s speech, in which it is clearly separated from the author’s speech, reproduced verbatim, and therefore completely retains its lexical, grammatical, intonational and stylistic features. Direct speech can be used both for the transmission of words and unspoken thoughts of another person, and words and thoughts . Oral sources of history. Scientific confirmation of the legend about the foundation of Kiev Prior to the emergence of writing, people stored the experience in an oral word: tales, legends, legends, songs, riddles, proverbs and sayings. All this variety of works is called Oral folk art, or Folklore. From folklore works, historians learn first of all about what life was like in ancient times, what people believed in. “Speech etiquette” composition Etiquette is not just rules of conduct that are accepted and supported in a certain group of people. This is a way of self-identification of society, the ability to create a certain style of behavior, which is considered to be appropriate.Generalized personal offer – features of design and use One-sentence proposal, where the main term is the present or future verb, in the second person and units. number is a generalized personal offer. Who did this, or everyone, anyone and everyone It can be without the subject, since the verb takes all its functions. The action that he designates can be attributed to any […]... Composition Public transport In my opinion, the best way to travel around the city is to walk. When you walk, you do not depend on any type of transport. You can admire the beauty of buildings and landscapes. And walking along the streets, you can go where you like. These are all advantages. “The role of gerunds in speech” composition The gerundive is an unchangeable form of the verb, an independent part of speech that combines the attributes of the verb (appearance and repetition) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of circumstance), designates an additional action for the main. Answering questions what do? What did you do? Composing a culture of speech To date, the problem of the culture of speech is very urgent and very urgent for modern society. The appearance in the Russian language of a lot of foreign words, sometimes not quite decent, “litter” the purity and depth of feelings that can be conveyed with his help. London’s public transport – its varieties The London metro has many branches. The total length of its branches is four hundred and two kilometers. Trains in it go with a 2-3 minute interval. Also in the UK capital there is an extensive tram network, considered the oldest in the world. The length of the London tram network is twenty-eight kilometers. Composition on the theme “Parts of speech” Parts of speech are grammatical classes of words into which words are combined on the basis of the following signs: 1) the general grammatical meaning (of the subject, action, feature of the subject, sign of action, quantity); 2) the general system of change (nouns declined, adjectives lean, verbs conjugate, etc.); 3) the general syntactic function. “Why do we need adjectives” composition Adjective is a very interesting part of speech in Russian. By itself, it does not name either an action or an object, but merely concretizes it, adding a certain sign. In this connection, a natural question may arise: is it necessary in general for our language, and what will happen if we renounce it? Public Administration and Society of North-Eastern Russia The most important institution of state government in Russia in the pre-Mongol period was the prince’s power. The prince was not only the supreme ruler of the country or the land, but also the legislative administrator of all local life. In the state administration, the boyars played an important role. They were noble, rich people .Features of Chekhov’s dramaturgy The first dramatic experiments (vaudeville, one-act plays) Chekhov made back in the 80’s, but he wrote great plays only at the turn of the century. He initially set himself the task of creating fundamentally new plays written outside the pre-existing dramatic principles. What is the essence of the innovation of Chekhov’s drama? Human Rights and Public Justice When the conversation about human rights comes up, most people certainly understand this expression, which is taken as the title of this essay. And really: since I am a man, then I have the right! And full and without any reservations. But can it really be so? What is the journalistic style? Publicistic style performs several functions at once. First, the texts written in this style serve to inform the reader (listener, viewer). Secondly, the author of the text expresses an emotional attitude to what is happening and tries to captivate, to infect this audience with this emotion. Composition on the theme “Language and Culture” There is no word that would be so zamashisto, briskly, so it would burst out from under the heart, so it would boil and quiver like a well-spoken Russian word. Every day, without hesitation, we use a lot of different words, imaginative, beautiful, sonorous. Words that, forming a certain order, form their own interesting. The hero’s dependence on public opinion The worst thing for Famusov and his followers is bad reputation in society. “Sin does not matter, the rumor is not good,” says Sophia Lisa, who from the inside has studied the mores that reign in the house. Pronoun as part of speech The pronoun differs from other parts of speech in that it does not have its constant and persistent lexical meaning; its value is variable and depends on the meaning of the word to which it indicates or instead of which it is used. Features of Baroque Baroque – a trend in literature and art in the 17-18 centuries, which came to replace the Renaissance. The word “baroque” is translated as “a pearl of irregular shape”. This name is given by chance. The main features of baroque were asymmetry, gravitation towards contrasts, to a magnificent, complicated form, splendor. Composition on “Linguistics” Most of us know the linguistic mystery “you can not pardon execution.” From where the comma will be put, in a literal sense, the life of a person depends. We’ll postpone after the “execution” – we will witness the tragedy, put after the “impossible” – save from death. This example demonstrates most clearly the relevance […]... Folk features in the city In the summer, I read the book of Konstantin Paustovsky about the Meshchersky region, and I found myself in this book a chapter on popular signs. I read it, I enjoyed the language of the writer and suddenly I thought: “How do we, in the city, have people’s signs .Features of poetry and style of the novel “Red and Black” F. Stendhal In the disclosure of all the processes and vicissitudes taking place in the soul of Julien Sorel, with special expressiveness was the psychology of Stendhal, who achieved unusual subtlety and insight. And it is psychology that is the fundamental feature of the poetics of the novel “Red and Black”. Download 330.33 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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