Saminjonov Anvarjon Dilmurod ugl Bachelor student of tfi scientific supervisor

Source: KNOEMAMore recent estimates, but for fewer countries:

Source:: Statista

Of course, such data is not a reason to give up. It is necessary to work to ensure that the size of the shadow sector is as low as possible. But at the word “struggle” confrontation, checks, fines and criminal terms come to mind. Such a formulation of the issue turns any entrepreneur in the eyes of a government official into a potential deviator.

Who is sitting in the shade in Uzbekistan?

Some time ago, a figure was named - the size of the shadow economy in Uzbekistan may exceed 50% of GDP. The logical question is: where do these 50% come from? Who is sitting in the shade? Unfortunately, enough detailed studies in Uzbekistan on this issue have not yet been conducted. Nevertheless, at least two types of enterprises and entrepreneurs can be distinguished, which tend to go into the shadows.

The first type is those who simply cannot afford to pay taxes. These are micro and small enterprises, individual entrepreneurs, whose business is more a means of survival than enrichment. These are the notorious illegal taxi drivers, small “hand-held” merchants, working mainly for the cash payment of the master, and others. We have a lot of them.

According to the State Statistics Committee, in 2016, about 22% of all those employed in the economy (about 13.3 million people) worked at large enterprises and various organizations, and about 16% at small enterprises and microfirms. The rest, or approximately 62% of all those employed in the economy (about 8.2 million), were in the so-called individual sector.

If you look at the dynamics, the number of employees at small enterprises and microfirms in the last 4−5 years has decreased, and the number of individual entrepreneurs is growing steadily.

References:

1.Krashakov A. The shadow economy “blooms and smells” // AiF. - 2002. - No. 18-19. - from. 10.

2.Luneev V. Shadow economy: criminological aspect. // Society and economics. - 2004. - No. 2. - p. 100-106.

3.Makarov D. Economic and legal aspects of the shadow economy in Russia. // Issues of Economics 1998, No. 3, p. 38

4.Novik S. Methods for assessing the shadow economy. // Bank Gazette. - 2004. - No. 10. - p. 25-32.