- Identical twin affected 50%
- Fraternal twin affected 15%
- Both parent affected 35%
- One parent affected 15%
- Brother or sister affected 10%
- No affected relative 1%
Signs & symptoms - Alterations in personal relationships
- Alternations of activity
- Altered perception
- Alterations of thought
- Distorted thinking
- Altered consciousness
- Alterations of affect
Bleular's 4 A's - Autism - preoccupation with the self with little concern for external reality
- Associative looseness - the stringing together of unrelated topics
- Ambivalence - simultaneous opposite feelings
- Affective disturbance - inappropriate, blunted, or flattened affect
Positive Symptoms - recognizable - Positive (type I) symptoms; delusion (fixed false beliefs), hallucination (false perception)
- Excess dopamine in the limbic system -> embellishments of normal cognition and perception
- Responsive to antipsychotics
Negative Symptoms - what is missing - Lack of affect or energy
- Attribute to cortical dysfunction ie atrophy, decreased cerebral blood flow, increased ventricular brain ratios, and a hypodopaminergic state.
- Overactive glutamate in the prefrontal cortex stimulates dopamine receptors in the limbic area
- Secondary to medications, hospitalization, loss of social support, and economic decline…
Diagnostic criteria - S & S - At least 2 of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms
- Social/occupational dysfunction
- Duration - continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months
- Not caused by substance abuse or a general medical disorder
Prodromal symptoms - A month or a year before the onset
- Deterioration in previous functioning, withdrawn from others, lonely, depressed
- Vague plan for the future
- Neurotic symptoms ie. Ac /chr anxiety, phobia, difficulty in concentration, misinterpretation,
- Feelings of rejection, lack of self-respect,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
