School of Education, Culture and Communication Teaching Grammar in efl classrooms in Swedish Upper-Secondary School

Figure 2: Test scores (in percent) after the PPP approach, girls (N=9)

100							100
			87						87
90
80			75
70
		63							62
60
50																	Correct
									38
40
																	Incorrect
		27
30			25
20
			13						13
10
							0
0
		Singular -'s		Singular -s's Plural -s'				Plural 's		Of-phrase Individual
												answers

Figure 3: Test scores (in percent) after the PPP approach, others (N=4)

Three of the informants taught according to the PPP approach did not specify any gender affiliation whatsoever, and were therefore placed in the other/unsure category. The fourth informant included in this category actually checked the box for other/unsure. As can be seen in Figure 3, these informants scored 75% correct on the singular -s’s form, which was the form with the highest score. The form with the lowest score was the plural -’s form with 0%

17

correct. When it comes to the individual answers, these informants scored only 13% correct, with correct answers such as The floor of the house and incorrect answers such as The swing swings slowly (even though this is grammatically correct, the answers does not incorporate any example of the genitive case) and His fingers was cold. (Although this last answer shows understanding of the genitive/possessive determiner, the answer was not deemed correct as these determiners were not discussed at all during the teaching session.)

In the groups taught with the PPP approach, the female informants had the overall highest scores with 74% correct answers, while the male informants scored 55% correct answers. The other/unsure category scored 33% correct answers overall. The girls scored higher on all categories, compared to the boys and the others.

4.2 The GCR Approach

100 ¹⁰⁰

90. 
    ₈₃
    

80. 
    
    

70		67
	58	58
60
		50	50
50						Correct
	42	42
40
						Incorrect
	33

30

20. 
    17
    

10. 
    
    

0

0

Singular -'s Singular -s's Plural -s'
Plural 's
Of-phrase Individual
answers