Science and world
ISSN 2308-4804. Science and world. 2021. № 12 (100). Vol. II
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Science and world № 12 (100), December, Vol. II (2)
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- Project – basic concepts and definitions
ISSN 2308-4804. Science and world. 2021. № 12 (100). Vol. II.
54 Analyzing the literature on the subject, it can be noticed that for a long time management will resemble art rather than a hard science. However, it is worth adding that management is increasingly based on achievements of hard sciences. They include the use of technology in management, e.g., computer or multimedia systems that can predict effects of decisions made, and such analysis is specific to hard sciences [13]. Hence, management is based on the hard sciences. Project – basic concepts and definitions In the literature on the subject, the concept of a project can be considered from a point of view of its several meanings (depending on the adopted approach or context). In general, a project is an action plan, an initiative or an idea. On the other hand, in legal terms the project is understood as a document presenting changes, while in technical sciences, a project involves a sketch, a technical drawing, etc. [8]. In management sciences, a project is considered in terms of an organization and a process. It means a skillful combination of intentionally planned, integrated, and coordinated activities undertaken with an intent of achieving a precisely defined goal and obtaining specific results [36]. Features of a project understood as a planned and implemented undertaking are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Features and characteristics of a project Feature Characteristics of the project Objective Shows a direction for achieving a specific goal. Actions Understood as coordinated and interrelated activities. Human capital Tasks are carried out by a team (contribution of the human capital factor). Complexity A project is characterized by a high degree of complexity. Originality Solutions used in a project are unique and unrepeatable. Cooperation Collaboration and cooperation between specialists in various fields is required. Budget It has a specific budget and resources involved in the implementation of a project. Uniqueness The uniqueness of a project. Separation It goes beyond a scope of daily, routine activities carried out in a given organization, it means that a project is characterized by a specific group of beneficiaries. Beneficiaries The project is targeted at a specific group of beneficiaries and must also have a person responsible for its implementation. Risk The implementation of a project is associated with a certain degree of a risk, which may depend on multiple factors, and can often be difficult to precisely predict. Source: own study, after: W. Walczak, Orientacja na cele w zarządzaniu projektami Master of Buisness Administration, 4(99)2009, Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Warszawa 2009, p. 47. The above features are necessary for the implementation of the project. It is worth adding that the project may be implemented within an organization or by several organizations, because projects are often interdisciplinary. A pre- defined goal must be the result of each project. Targets provide and explain information. However, when analyzing the meaning of goals, it is worth paying special attention to functions assigned to goals in project management. Download 2.23 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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