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s 6.1949 W s 7.2514 L p 2.59 W p 3.65 L f 1.705 W f 0.334 L inset 0.334 W inset 0.6 h 0.6 – – 3. Results and Discussion The microstrip patch antenna has been designed and the obtained results are scrutinized using Ansys HFSS v.15.0 software. The results are obtained based on the desired frequency. The return loss obtained for the frequencies of 23.9GHz, 35.5GHz and 70.9GHz are -19.9737,-22.7307 and -21.9667 respectively as shown in fig x. To obtain the higher transmission efficiency it is recommended to choose higher gain more than -10db. To evade the mismatch between an antenna and feed line it is essential to get VSWR between 1 to 2 virtually[26]. The VSWR of 1.7483, 1.2709 and 1.3881 are obtained for the profound frequencies as shown in Fig 4. The radiation pattern for designed frequencies is plotted in the E and H plane as shown in Fig 5. The radiation pattern for the obtained frequencies is resolute and has a favourable gain of 4.435, 3.6602 and 5.6402 for frequencies 23.9GHz, 35.5GHz and 70.9GHz as observed in Fig 6(a)(b)(c) respectively. At the resonate frequency the surface current distribution is observed over the patch and feed as displayed in Fig 7. Fig. 3. return loss versus frequency. The return loss of antenna should always be lesser than -10dB. The antenna is designed based on applications in the field of radiolocation, satellite communication, space research, radio astronomy, and mobile communication. The frequencies obtained are of larger bandwidth which allows us to utilize the designed antenna for multiple purposes. The appreciable bandwidth if the antenna allows its application in radiolocation to pinpoint the location of each vehicle within the bandwidth. Obtained return losses along with their respective gain justifies the application in 5G communications. Further, the radiation pattern satisfies the application in space applications. The efficient link between satellites and the major and minor stations on the earth is vital for fast, low latency communication. Space research has been an emerging domain of public research in the field of science[27]. Utilizing an efficient antenna for such mission-critical purposes will strengthen the Intra and Inter Communication between the man-made objects in the space[28][29]. As such, the antenna designed can also be easily S Punith et al. / Procedia Computer Science 171 (2020) 2080–2086 2083 Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000 3 Fig. 2. (a) The top view of designed antenna; (b) Side view of the designed antenna. L f Feed length 2. Antenna Design The key factors required to design an antenna are realizing the application to be accomplished and fulfil the re- quirements of the parameters. Undoubtedly, frequency plays a crucial role. Further, the operation of the antenna aids to determine the substrate to be used. After deciding the required data, then the physical dimensions have to be cal- culated. In this work, authors use Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) v 15.0 to design and simulate the antenna. A ground layer of 6.1949mm X 7.2514mm is designed initially, this provides the base upon which the antenna is to be mounted. The thickness of the antenna is affected depending on the substrate used which further depends on the relative permittivity value. Hence the thickness of substrate material has to be calculated. The second layer of the substrate is attached along with the ground layer. A radiating patch forms the third and most effective layer of the antenna[17]. The patch is fed with the current using various types of feeds[18]. Microstrip line feed is considered to be the simplest form of feeding techniques. Usually, the conducting strip is smaller in size compared with the patch and supplies current through one of its ends. This further eases the fabrication process and the patch to be etched on the same plane providing a planar structure to the arrangement[19]. The height of the substrate is directly proportional to the spurious feed radiations, also the surface waves[20][21]. This is discovered to inhibit the bandwidth and unwanted cross-polarization of the antenna[22][23]. It is observed that in microstrip line feed technique the feed is just an extension of the patch connecting with the ground and hence easy to match the impedance by modifying the position of the inset[24]. To obtain better impedance matching it is advised to choose an inset feed that can be later incorporated into the patch. This is achieved by adjusting the inset position. This technique is considered as one of the easiest technique for providing ease to fabrication and modesty in modelling [25]. The antenna is designed by using the following dimensions of 6.1949mm X 7.2514mm having a thickness of 0.6mm at the substrate. The substrate is composed of FR4 epoxy with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. Further, the patch having dimensions 2.59mm X 3.65mm is etched onto the substrate. The feed line with dimensions 1.705mm X 0.334mm. The geometric parameters are adjusted to observe the variations concerning the gain, bandwidth, and resonant frequency of the proposed antenna. The physical dimensions of the design are shown in Table 1 where L Download 0.56 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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