Second Language Acquisition

Example

(kettle) the thing that you boil water in

Second Language Acquisition

4. Use Approximation

A learner may decide to use words which express the meaning as closely as possible.

Example

(pineapple) some fruit

Second Language Acquisition

5. Create New Words

A learner may create a new word/ phrase to express the desired meaning.

Example

Let’s go to our guest-room.

Second Language Acquisition

6. Switch to the Native Language

A learner may decide to use a word/ phrase from his native language.

Example

I want to أنزل the latest edition of PDF.

Second Language Acquisition

7. Use Non-linguistic Resources

A learner may decide to use non-linguistic resources (e.g., mime, gesture, or imitation) to make his meaning clearer.

Example

(Put it on the desk, please) Put it there, please.

(It was round) It was this kind of shape.

Second Language Acquisition

8. Seek Help

A learner may seek help from outside – use a bilingual dictionary or invoke the cooperation of the listener by signaling that he is in difficulty.