Secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan fergana state university

parts of the Chatkal valley. 
Air pressure and winds. Air pressure and winds in the territory of Uzbekistan are 
not uniform in terms of region and seasons, depending on its surface structure, 
solar heating. The average annual air pressure in our republic varies from southeast 

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to north and northwest. Air pressure varies with the seasons. In winter, the lowest 
pressure in Uzbekistan in January is observed in the south of the Kyzylkum, in the 
west of the Qosh Zarafshan and Karshi deserts, at 1024 mm. From here the air 
pressure increases to the north, northwest and east, in Kashkadarya and 
Surkhandarya regions, in the center of Kyzylkum to 1026 mm, in the northwest of 
Kyzylkum, Ustyurt, Lower Amudarya, Mirzachul, Zarafshan and Chirchik and 
Chirchik. 1027 mm. In January, the highest air pressure in Uzbekistan was in the 
eastern part of the Fergana Valley, reaching 1029 mm. The main reason for this is 
the orographic structure of the valley, which is surrounded by high mountains, and 
only in the west there is a narrow Khojand corridor. As a result, the cold air 
blowing from the mountains around the valley accumulated in it, leading to high 
pressure. 
In the summer of July in Uzbekistan, the change in air pressure varies from 
southeast to northwest. If in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley 1001 mm. 1003 mm in 
the Karshi desert, 1004 mm in the Lower Zarafshan and Fergana valleys, 1006 mm 
in the center of the Kyzylkum, 1007 mm in the northwest, and 1008 mm in the 
north of the Lower Amudarya and Ustyurt. . 
The direction and characteristics of winds in Uzbekistan are inextricably linked to 
changes in atmospheric circulation and pressure, temperature and orographic 
structure. In Uzbekistan, winds blow from the north-west, north and northeast 
throughout the year. However, in the eastern part of the republic, the direction of 
the winds changed due to the relief of the foothills and mountains, and more winds, 
such as mountains, valleys and fyon. r esadi. 
In winter, the direction of winds in Uzbekistan is influenced by the Siberian anti-
cyclone and the southern cyclone of the Turan plain. Therefore, in the north of the 
plains of our republic there are winds blowing more from the north-east, in the 
south their direction changes, and from the north and then from the south-east. 
In summer, the Turan thermal depression occurs, pumping cold air masses from 
the northwest, north and northeast as a "pump". Therefore, in summer, 36% of the 

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year-round winds in the plains of Uzbekistan are northeast, 15% in the north, 33% 
in the north-west and 32% in the north. esadi. In summer, the direction of winds 
changes due to the relief in the narrow and mountainous parts of Uzbekistan, more 
mountain valley winds blow: in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley (Termez) 26% of the 
year-round winds blow from the south. In the Zarafshan valley (Samarkand) 34% 
of the winds are from the south-east and 19% from the east. 
Due to the fact that the Fergana Valley is surrounded by high barbed wire, in the 
winter there is a local anticyclone in the east, and in summer the central part of the 
valley heats up and a local low-pressure center is formed. Therefore, in winter the 
winds blow more from east to west, and in summer from west to east: in Andijan, 
located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley, from October to June, the winds 
from the east, northeast and southeast are 43-45%. From June to October, more 
winds blow from the west, south-west and north-west, 38-44%. 
The Chirchik-Ahangaroi valley is mostly influenced by mountain valleys, with 
wind blowing from the mountains at night from the northeast and from the 
southwest during the day. Therefore, 36% of year-round winds in Tashkent come 
from the north-east and east, and 31% from the south-west and west. 
The average annual wind speed in Uzbekistan is not very high. In the plains it is 
about 3-4.6 m per second (2.8 m in Kogan, 3.7 m in Tomdi, 3.4 m in Urgench, 4.6 
m in Churuk), and 1.5 m / s in the foothills. - not more than 3 m (in Tashkent - 1.4 
m, in Samarkand - 1.4 m, in Termez - 2.6 m). In Uzbekistan, strong winds (more 
than 15 m / s) are rare in the plains and last for 3-11 days a year (3 days in Khiva, 5 
days in Bukhara and Kogan, 10 days in Tomdi, 3 days in Chimmay). . However, in 
the narrow part of Uzbekistan, in the narrowed areas of the valleys and in the 
adjacent areas (Mirzachol, around the "Khojand Gate" of the Fergana Valley, at the 
exit of the Sangzor Valley to Mirzachol and other places) strong winds with a 
speed of 15 km The days from 15 to 64 days a year (in Termez - 15 days, in 
Jizzakh - 24 days, in Kokand - 39 days, in Ursatevsky - 47 days, in Zaporozhye - 
64 days). 

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In Uzbekistan, especially around the "Khojand Gate" in the Fergana Valley, the 
east and south-east winds blowing towards Mirzachol are called Bekabad (Havos) 
winds, which sometimes reach 30-40 m / s in winter. This wind is strong when 
there is high pressure in the east of the Fergana valley, and in the west of the 
"Khojand Gate" when there are oysters, the cold air collected from the mountains 
in the valley moves to the west and compresses when it reaches the gate speed 
increases. On the contrary, in spring and autumn, the wind "Kokand" blows from 
the west to the Fergana Valley, reaching a speed of 15-25 m per second. The 
formation of the Kokand wind depends on the cold fronts coming from the west. 
In addition to Bekabad and Kokand winds, there are also local winds in 
Uzbekistan, such as "Afghan", Fyon, Garmsel. Afghan wind is typical for 
Surkhandarya valley. This wind is due to the inflow of cold air from the north and 
northwest. This cold air accumulates in the Kopetdag and Parapoliz mountains and 
flows through the territory of Afghanistan to the low-pressure, hot Surkhan-
Vakhsh valley. The wind speed in Afghanistan is sometimes 15-20 m / s. The 
dusty mixture enters the Surkhandarya valley and lasts for 1-2 days, in some cases 
3-4 days. As a result, dusty weather is formed, sometimes 100-200 m. It is difficult 
to see things in the distance. When the Afghan wind blows in the spring, it creates 
dust, dries up agricultural crops, dries the leaves and causes great damage. 
In the foothills of Uzbekistan, especially in the valleys such as Chirchik-
Ahangaron, Fergana, in winter and spring, the wind blows frequently. Fyons cause 
cold air to flow down from the mountains when oiklons (low pressure) enter the 
plains of our republic in winter and spring. The air descending along the mountain 
slope is condensed every 100 m. As a result, reach the foothills of our republic The 
temperature may rise to 24 ° C. Fyon wind is hot and dry, sometimes 5-10 m per 
second. As a result, the relative humidity of the area affected by the wind 
decreases, the temperature rises and the melting of snow accelerates. 
Another local wind in Uzbekistan is Garmsel. It is a hot and dry wind that blows in 
spring and summer. When Garmsel blows, the temperature rises and exceeds 40 °, 

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on the contrary, the relative humidity decreases and falls by 5-10%. Sometimes the 
speed of garmsel is 15-20 m per second. Dark dust rises into the air, the sky 
becomes cloudy, dim and the temperature rises. As a result, crops and even fruit 
trees are damaged, their leaves turn yellow and dry out. 
Garmsels are often found in Bukhara, Samarkand, Navoi, Jizzakh, Syrdarya 
regions of Uzbekistan, in the Fergana Valley. It is less in Khorezm region and 
Karakalpakstan. 
There are different opinions about the formation of Garmsel. Some say that it is 
caused by hot air blowing in the Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts, while others say 
that it is caused by a mass of high-pressure air entering the air above the desert and 
driving it around. According to others, the air flow from Iran to the Turan plain is 
caused by the compression and heating of the Turkmen-Khurasan Mountains. 
According to another group of scientists, when a cold current approaches the 
mountains from the west, northwest, the pressure in front of the current decreases, 
resulting in a garmsel caused by winds from the east or south-east. 
Seasons. In the Turan plain, including Uzbekistan, the seasons differ from those in 
the central part of Eurasia. Because in Uzbekistan the temperature rises from north 
to south, the beginning and duration of the seasons change, and the difference is up 
to 20-25 days. Therefore, local climatologists divide the climate of Uzbekistan into 
two periods - hot and cold. Days with an average daily temperature above 5 ° are 
included in the hot period, and days below 5 ° are included in the cold period. 
There are many days in Uzbekistan with an average daily temperature above 5 °, 
206 days in Ustyurt (Churuk), 272 days in the south of Kyzylkum (Karakol), 320 
days in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley (Sherabad). However, in the mountainous