Secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan fergana state university

part of the republic, the days with an average daily temperature above 5 ° are 
reduced to 3000 m. at an altitude of 100-105 days. 
The hot season in Uzbekistan is divided into three seasons - early spring (March, 
April, May), mid-summer (June, July, August) and late autumn (September, 

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October, November). linadi. The cold period corresponds to winter (December, 
January, February). 
Q i sh. In Uzbekistan, winters are colder than in the Mediterranean region, and the 
weather is changeable. In winter, clear but cold days are sometimes replaced by 
continuous warm cloudy and rainy days. This is due to the anti-cyclone and 
cyclone air currents entering the territory of the republic in winter. If a mass of 
cold air enters the territory of Uzbekistan from the north and northeast, the air will 
be clear, the temperature will drop, and sometimes the temperature will drop to 37 
° (in Ustyurt) and rainy days will begin. The coldest days occur in the "winter 
chill" and last from December 25 to February 5. During the winter in Uzbekistan, 
when cyclones enter from the west and south, clouds appear in the air, the 
temperature rises and hangs (in some years the temperature rises to 10-29 °), it 
rains. Then it turns to snow. 
It rains more in Uzbekistan in winter. If in the plains 20-40% of the annual 
precipitation falls in winter, in the foothills it falls to 30-37%. Although most of 
the precipitation falls in the snow, in the plains of Uzbekistan it is thin and does not 
last long: in the north of the plains of the republic the snow cover is 10-15 cm 
thick, does not melt for 28-30 days, in the south 4— It is 5 cm long and does not 
melt for 6-7 days. However, in the foothills the snow cover is 20-40 cm thick and 
does not melt for 35-45 days. At the height of 1500-3000 m in the mountains the 
thickness of snow is 70-90 cm, 45-65 days, 3500-4000 m. above 100 cm. does not 
dissolve throughout the year. Climatologist yye. According to N. Balasheva, in 
some parts of the Pskom Mountains the thickness of snow reaches 3-4 m. 
In Uzbekistan, in some years, the winter is warm and there is little snow, and the 
plants continue to grow throughout the year (vegetative period). LN Babushkin 
calls such a winter "vegetative" winter. The "vegetative" winter is not the same in 
all parts of Uzbekistan. In its north-west 0-5% of winter days correspond to 
"vegetative winter", this figure is 50-60% in the central part of the republic, and in 

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the southern part of the Surkhan-Sherabad valley - 80-100%. Some subtropical 
plants also grow to 100%. 
Spring. Spring in Uzbekistan begins when the average daily temperature exceeds 5 
° sernam is the season. Therefore, spring does not begin at the same time in all 
parts of the republic: in the southern part of Uzbekistan (Surkhan-Sherabad valley) 
from mid-February, in the middle part (Bukhara-Karakum oasis) from late 
February, in the northwestern part (Lower Amudarya and Ustyurt). ) starts in the 
second half of March. Therefore, in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley, spring begins 
1.5-2.0 weeks before the Bukhara-Karakol oasis, and 20-25 days before the Lower 
Amudarya. In the foothills of Uzbekistan, spring begins later, in early April, and in 
the mountains in late April. 
Spring is the warmest season in the republic, with 40-43% of annual precipitation 
in the plains and 40-50% in the foothills. 
In spring, the days in the territory of the republic are warm, in the southern part 
(Sherabad and Termez) the average temperature in March reaches 11.5 °, in the 
northern part it is relatively cool (in Nukus - 4.1 °, in Urgench - 5.0 °) 4 -5 °. On 
some days in March, the temperature rises to 35 ° in Sherabad and 34 ° in Nukus. 
It is obvious that since March in Uzbekistan the temperature has risen, there is 
frequent precipitation, the snow melts and the growth of plants accelerates. 
Almond, apricot, peach, cherry and cherry trees bloom in the south of the republic 
from the first ten days of March, and in the north from the end of March to the 
beginning of April. From the end of April to May, the temperature rose even more 
(average April temperature in Urgench - 13.8 ° in Kogan - 16.2, in Sherabad - 18.2 
°, in May in Urgench - 21.0 °, in Kogan - 23.2 °. , In Sherabad -24.5 °) 1 The 
weather is clear, precipitation gradually decreases, and by the end of May the real 
summer begins. 
YO z. In Uzbekistan, especially in its plains and foothills, summer differs from 
other seasons in that the weather is clear, hot and dry. Summer begins in the plains 

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of Uzbekistan when the average daily temperature exceeds 20 ° and ends below 20 
°, and in the mountains begins when the average daily temperature is 10-15 °. 
In summer, the weather does not change much, the weather is clear, and in the 
plains of Uzbekistan in June-August there is an 80-95% chance of clear days. From 
June, hot days begin, the average monthly temperature is around 24-29.5 °. The 
hottest days of summer take place in the middle of the "summer chill", which lasts 
from June 25 to August 5, ie in July, the average temperature in the plains of the 
republic is around 26-32 °, and the maximum temperature is 41-48 °. Extremely 
high temperatures were observed on July 21, 1914 in Termez, reaching 49.6 °. 
In summer, when the temperature in the plains of the republic is very high and the 
rainfall is very low, in some years it does not rain at all. The lowest precipitation in 
summer is 0 mm in the plains and foothills of Uzbekistan in August. from 
(Surkhandarya valley, plains of Kashkadarya and Samarkand regions, Kyzylkum) 
3 mm. (Chirchik-Ahangaron valley, Fergana valley, Ustyurt, Lower Amudarya). In 
summer, there are occasional thunderstorms, heavy rains and passing quickly. 
The plains of Uzbekistan become very hot in summer, there is a drought due to 
lack of precipitation, and the plants turn yellow and dry out. As a result, due to the 
hot wind - garmsel, the dust rises and the air becomes cloudy. Such dusty days 
occur in Bukhara-Karakol oasis and Chirchik-Ahangaron valley for 3-4 days, in 
Lower Amudarya and Ustyurt for 3-5 days, in Fergana valley for 6-7 days. 
Autumn. In Uzbekistan, autumn begins when the average daily temperature drops 
below 20 ° and ends when it drops below 5 °. From this point of view, autumn 
begins in September in the northern and central parts of the republic (Ustyurt, 
Lower Amudarya, Kyzylkum, Mirzachul, Chirchik-Ahangaron, Fergana valleys 
and the middle parts of the Zarafshan valley), and in the south in early October. 
From the second half of September, the weather in Uzbekistan will change, the 
temperature will gradually decrease and clouds will appear. From October 
onwards, as a result of cold air currents, the temperature may drop, sometimes 

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dropping to 0 ° at night. Cold snaps are rare in the first ten days of October, but 
recur frequently in late October (with the exception of the Surkhandarya Valley). 
The cold snap in the Surkhandarya valley will begin in late October. In autumn, 
sometimes clouds appear, it gets cold, then the weather warms up again, the clouds 
dissipate and open days begin. 
Rainfall in autumn is higher than in summer (15-25% of annual precipitation). 
Precipitation accelerates in the foothills of the republic from October, and in the 
plains from November. 
The first half of autumn is the best season in Uzbekistan. Because during this 
period the days are hot and dry, the evening crops and fruits are fully ripe, and the 
leaves of the trees have not yet turned yellow. 
Iq lim resources. Climatic resources include heat source, solar energy, wind 
energy, and their role in treatment. 
One of the most important factors for the economy of Uzbekistan, especially 
agriculture, is heat resources. Because a certain level of heat is required for the 
ripening of agricultural crops, the sweetness of fruits. From this point of view, 
Uzbekistan has a very favorable heat resource. 
In Uzbekistan, the last spring frosts occur in Ustyurt on March 12-14, in the Lower 
Amudarya in late March and early April, and in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley on 
March 2-15. The first frost in autumn falls on October 5-10 in Ustyurt, on October 
20-25 in the Lower Amudarya, and on November 24 in Sherabad. Therefore, there 
are many cold days in the republic, from 153 to 210 days in the northern part of 
Ustyurt, Lower Amudarya and Kyzylkum, in the south of Kyzylkum, Mirzachul, 
Chirchik-Ahangaron, Fergana and Zarafshan, Kashkadarya valleys. It lasts 210-
230 days, and in the southernmost Surkhan-Sherabad valley - 225-266 days. In 
addition, the sum of days with an average daily temperature above + 10 ° is 4000-
4500 ° in the northwest of Uzbekistan, 4500-5100 ° in the Bukhara-Karakol oasis, 
5100-5900 ° in the south (in Sherabad). 5900 °). In such climatic conditions it is 

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possible to grow rice, ordinary and fine-fiber cotton, sweet melons, watermelons, 
various fruits rich in sugar, and in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley - subtropical 
plants. In Uzbekistan, heat resources allow to harvest twice a year, and in the 
Surkhan-Sherabad oasis up to three times. 
In the plains of Uzbekistan, it is cloudless all year round, especially in summer, 
and the sun shines for a long time. In the plains and foothills of the republic, the 
sun shines from 2,500 hours (north) to 3,000 hours (south) a year. Therefore. 
Uzbekistan is a country rich in solar resources, with an average annual solar energy 
consumption of 4.861014 kWh, which is 30 billion kWh. t. is equivalent to coal. 
However, the level of use of these solar resources in our country is still very low. 
Currently, solar resources are used for heating greenhouses and hothouses, 
groundwater abstraction with the help of special solar-powered pumps, 
desalination of brackish water with the help of special equipment, water heating in 
public utilities. In addition, solar resources can be used to heat buildings using 
special photocells and to generate energy for other purposes. Such experiments are 
used in the heating of the building of the recreation center "Mothers and Children" 
in Zaamin district of Jizzakh region. 
Great work is being done in the field of solar energy at the experimental field in 
Parkent of the "Solar Production Association" of the Academy of Sciences of 
Uzbekistan. In special laboratories, it converts solar energy into electrical and 
mechanical energy, creating a very large temperature (4 million degrees). In the 
near future, our scientists will be looking for advanced ways to use solar resources, 
which will open the way for the conversion of solar energy into heat and 
electricity. 
Groundwater can be used to supply water to desert pastures in Uzbekistan and to 
irrigate small areas with wind-powered pumps. In addition, wind-powered units 
can be used to supply electricity to farms and livestock houses, geological 
prospecting, research staff, and desalination of salt water. It is known that the 
average annual wind speed is 2.5-3.5 m per second. The wind power unit with a 

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capacity of 10-12 kilowatts works smoothly and produces 26-35 thousand 
kilowatt-hours of energy per year. In this regard, Uzbekistan has a good 
opportunity. Because in most parts of it (Mirzachol, Dalvarzin desert, Ustyurt and 
Lower Amudarya, Kyzylkum) the average annual wind speed is 2.5-4.6 m per 
second. ga yetedi. With the help of wind units such as VB-3, VM-3, up to 4000-
4300 liters of groundwater per hour can be extracted from wind power with this 
speed. 
The hot, dry and sunny climate of Uzbekistan is important in the treatment of many 
diseases, especially nephritis. Because people with kidney flu need to keep their 
kidneys very calm. In this case, the skin should act as a kidney. The skin can 
perform such a function only in hot, dry and sunny climates. However, such 
climatic conditions exist in the plains of Uzbekistan. That is why there is a 
sanatorium in Bukhara for the treatment of kidney disease. 
Uzbekistan The air in the mountainous part of the country is relatively dry and 
moderately dry, and plays an important role in the treatment of lung, 
cardiovascular, asthma, bronchitis and other diseases. In addition, sanatoriums and 
rest homes, which are necessary for recreation, are located in clean areas, 
especially in the mountains surrounding the Western Tianshan, Gissar and Fergana 
valleys. Examples of this are Chimgan, Aktash in the Bostash district, 
Shohimardon in the Fergana Valley. 
References: 
1. Yermakov Y.G. and dr. Physical geography of continents and oceans. M: 
Vqsshaya school, 1988. 
2. Ryabchikov A.M. Physical geography of continents and oceans. M: Vqsshaya 
school, 1988. 
3. Physical geography of the world ocean. M: Izdatelpstvo Moskovskogo 
Universiteta, 1988. 

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4. Ryabchikov A.M. Natural geography of the continents of the world, Tashkent, 
1968. 
5. Vlasova T.M. Physical geography of continents and oceans. Volume I-II, M: 
Prosveo`yeniye, 1976. 
6. Vlasova T.M. Natural geography of continents and oceans. Volumes I-II. 
Tashkent, 1985. 
7. Leontpev O.K. Physical geography of the world ocean. M: 1982. 
Encyclopedic dictionary of geographical terms. M.1968. 
8. http://ziyonet.uz