Silk road” International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage Tourism manegment Faculty sayfulloyeva zarina master’s Thesis Ancient ceramics and glazes in the Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan

1.2 Purpose of the study
The aim of this project is to inform about investigation of the technology of Central Asia’s domestic ceramics, particularly the glazed tableware. Specifically, the objective was investigation how those region’s ceramics and glazes fit into the technological context of Islamic ceramics both local and in the wider Islamic world. this project mainly provides information about various craftsmanship in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan their types, and their preparation processes. We will study for what purposes to use, store and use the ceramic products we have from antiquity to this day. Axsikent Archaeological Monument consists of the remains of a large city poster. In the Valley of Fargo, Uzbekistan from the 2nd/1st century B.C.E. to the early 13th century B.C.E. The millennium B.C.E. The city is represented by archaeological and historical sources. It became an important economic and political center in the region during the early Islamic era. The period from the late 8th century to the early 13th century. Axsikent was an important consumer. Early Islamic-era craftsmanship is seen in many excerpts. Found in annual excavations by the Samarkand Institute of Archaeology.
Basic production oil lamps, jars and urns, large storage jars, cooking pots. we will learn about the types and content of products used in ceramics in this project.

1.3 Research objectives and questions
The goals of this research are to (1) characterize the provenance of finely decorated glazed pottery from northern Central Asia, (2) to determine the scale of local production and technological developments, and (3) to understand the stylistic models for local development provided by long distance trade of ceramics from the 9-15th c. CE. This dissertation addresses the following four questions about ceramic production in Southern Kazakhstan during the medieval period.
1. Did the ceramic workshops in northern Central Asia produce fine decorated pottery in the styles of Early Islamic ceramics, or were the ceramics from these medieval cities imported into the region through Silk Road trade?
2. How many centers in the region produce glazed ceramics?
3. How homogeneous was the production technology of fine glazed wares within Central Asia?
4. How do glazed ceramics that were produced in this region differ technologically from the imported ceramics?
The above questions fall into the two main categories of questions in ancient ceramic studies: provenance and technology. The first two questions address the provenance of the ceramics uncovered in southern Kazakhstan, while the second two address the production technology of the glazed ceramics. By addressing both where and how the glazed ceramics were produced, I hope to form a holistic understanding of the role of glazed ceramics in southern Kazakhstan in the Early Islamic Period.

Chapter II. Types of ceramics and glazes in the Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan.
2.1 Introduction to glazed pottery