into
|
ichiga
|
upon
|
bo’ylab
|
within
|
maboynida
|
onto
|
ustiga
|
throughout
|
butun….bo’ylab
|
without
|
..siz
|
4. guruh predloglari – so’z birikmalari, predloglar o’rnini bosuvchi, ko’proq texnikaviy va jamoa-siyosiy adabiyotlarda ishlatiladi:
according to
|
…ga muvofiq
|
in accordance with
|
в соответствии с
|
by means of
|
посредством
|
as for
|
….ga kesak
|
5. Sifatdosh I dan yasalgan predloglar:
during
|
Maboiynida
|
including
|
xisobga olgan xolda
|
concerning, regarding
|
qisman, deyarli
|
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION (O’rin joy va yonalish predloglari)
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE(O’rin joy predlogi)
on:
The spoon is on the tray.
|
Qoshiq – padnos ustida.
|
in:
The pen is in the box.
|
Qalam quticha ichida.
|
at
She works at an office.
|
U ofisda ishlaydi.
|
under
The dog is sleeping under the table.
|
It ustar tagida uxlayapti.
|
in front of
The blackboard is in front of me.
|
Do’ska mening qarshimda turibdi.
|
near
Our house is near the river.
|
Bizning uyimiz daryo yonida.
|
across
The train went across the fields.
|
Poezd dala bo’ylab o’tdi.
|
between
A village between two hills.
|
Qishlo’q ikkita tepalik orasida joylashgan.
|
among
I saw a light among the trees.
|
Men daraxtlar orasida yorug’likni ko’rdim.
|
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION ( Yo’nalish predloglari)
to
We went to the station.
|
Biz vaqzalga ketdik.
|
into
She put the pencil into the box.
|
U qalamni qutichani ichiga qo’ydi.
|
towards
He was moving towards the door.
|
U daraxt tamon xarakatlanayotgan edi.
|
from
I am coming from the cinema.
|
Men kinohonadan kelayapti.
|
out of
She took a handkerchief out of the drawer.
|
U tortma ichidan dastro’molchasini.
|
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (vaqt predloglari)
on
Come on Monday.
|
Dushanbada keeling.
|
in
Spring begins in March.
|
Bahor Martda boshlanadi.
|
at
Our lesson will begin at ten o`clock.
|
Bizning darsimiz soat o’nda bo’shlanadi.
|
before
Michael rose before dawn.
|
Mayql tong otmasdan oldin turdi.
|
after
I shall speak to you after the lesson.
|
Men sen bilan darsdan keyin gaplashaman.
|
until
They will stay here until next week.
|
Ular bu yerda keyingi xaftagacha qolishadi.
|
till
We stayed there till June.
|
Biz u yerda iyungacha qoldik.
|
during
I saw many intresting things during my vacation.
|
Men sayoxatim davomida ko’p qiziqarli narsalarni ko’rdim.
|
between
He was here between two and three o`clock.
|
U bu yerda soat 2 va 3 orasida edi.
|
PERSONAL PRONOUN (Kishilik olmoshi)
Kishilik olmoshi shaxsni ifodalovchi xisoblanadi.
1. Bosh kelishik (Nominative Case)
I
|
men
|
We
|
biz
|
you
|
Siz, (sen)
|
You
|
siz
|
he
|
u
|
They
|
ular
|
she
|
u
|
|
|
it
|
u
|
|
|
2. OBJECTIVE CASE (Qaratqich kelishik)
me
|
meni, menga
|
us
|
bizni, bizga
|
you
|
seni, senga, Sizni, Sizga
|
you
|
Sizni, Sizga
|
him
|
uni, unga
|
them
|
ularni, ularga
|
her
|
uni, unga
|
|
|
it
|
uni, unga
|
|
|
3. Qo’llanilishi
Kishilik olmoshlari gapda bosh kelishikda odatda ega vazifasida keladi, kishilik olmoshlari qaratqich kelishikda – to’ldiruvchi bo’lib keladi.
3.1. Ega
I shall speak to him.
|
Men u bilan gaplashaman.
|
3.2. To’ldiruvchi
I shall speak to him.
|
Men unga gapiraman.
|
3.3. Kesim nom bo’lagi
That was he.
|
O’sha u edi.
|
POSSESIVE PRONOUN
Egalik olmoshlari
Egalik olmoshlar predmetning birovga tegishliyligini bildiradi. Xar bir kishilik olmoshi o’zining egalik olmoshiga ega.
1. I shakli
my
|
mening
|
our
|
bizning
|
your
|
sizning
|
уour
|
sizning
|
his
|
uning
|
their
|
ularning
|
her
|
uning
|
|
|
its
|
uning
|
|
|
2. II shakli
mine
|
meniki
|
ours
|
bizniki
|
yours
|
seniki
|
yours
|
sizniki
|
his
|
uniki
|
theirs
|
ularniki
|
hers
|
uniki
|
|
|
its
|
uniki
|
|
|
3. Qo’llanilishi
Egalik olmoshining I shakli sifat vazifasini egallagan – otni aniqlab keladi.
Egalik olmoshing II shakli gapda otni ega, kesim bo’lagi va to’ldiruvchi vazifasini egallaydi.
3.1. Aniqlovchi
Her paper was interesting.
|
Uning maqolasi qiziqarli edi.
|
3.2 Ega
My room is large, yours is larger.
|
Mening xonam katta, sizniki - kattaroq.
|
3.3. Kesim bo’lagi
This paper is his.
|
Bu maqola uniki.
|
3.4. To’ldiruvchi
We haven't seen your paper, we have seen only theirs.
|
Biz sizning maqolangizni ko’rmadik, faqat ularnikini (maqolasini) ko’rdik.
|
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
O’zlik olmoshlari
O’zlik olmoshlari kishilik yoki egalik olmoshlarining birlik shaklidagi so’zlariga -self qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi va kishilik yoki egalik olmoshlarining ko’plik shaklidagi so’zlariga -selves qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi.
1-chi yoki 2chi shaxslar uchun bu xolda egalik olmoshlarining 1-hi shakli qo’llaniladi.
Uchinchi shaxs uchun kishilik olmoshining qaratqich kelishigida ishlatiladi.
Singular
|
Plural
|
myself
|
(men) o’zimni, o’zim
|
ourselves
|
(biz) o’zimizni, o’zimiz
|
yourself
|
(siz) o’zingizni, o’zingiz
|
yourselves
|
(san, Siz) o’zing(iz)ni, o’zingiz
|
himself
|
(u) o’zini, o’zi
|
themselves
|
(ular) o’zlari, ozlaringiz
|
itself
|
(u) o’zini, o’zi
|
|
|
herself
|
(u) o’zini, o’zi
|
|
|
Qo’llanilishi
O’zlik olmoshi quydagi ikkita axamiyatga ega:
1) Xarakat xarkat qiluvchi tomonidan bajaradi (Reflexive Pronouns proper); bu xollarda o’zlik olmoshlari gapda ot funksiyasi to’ldiruvchi vezifasini bajaradi:
In the morning I wash myself with cold water.
|
Ertalab men sovuq suvga yuvinaman.
|
Children like to hide themselves here.
|
Bolalar bu yerda yashirinishni yoqtirishadi.
|
She fell down and hurt herself.
|
U yiqildi va lat yedi.
|
2) Xarakat xech bir yordamsiz ish xarakati shaxs tamanidan bajarilganligini xisobga olsak (Emphasizing Pronouns); bu hollarda o’zlik olmoshlari O’zbek tilida o’z, o’zi, o’zim ma’nolarida kelib sintaksis funksiyaga ega bo’lmaydi, faqat otni yoki olmoshni ma’nosini kuchaytiradi. Shuning uchun xam gapda mustaxkamlanmagan, kesimdan oldin yoki keyin xam turishi mumkin:
Feruza did her task himself
|
|
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