- a)The targeting Dilema :To target or not target ?
- Why target?
- a) Redistribution equity(high transfers)
- b) Budget constraints(lower fiscal cost)
- Why not target?
- a)Administrative costs
- b)Social Costs
- c)Political Costs
- Administrative Selection:
- Geographic targeting (e.g.drought-affected district)
- Categorical targeting (e.g.orphans,peaple over 65,womens)
- Proxy means test ( e.g.several observable indicators)
- Means testing (e.g. household survey to identify the poorest households)
- Community –based targeting(e.g.the poorest two Ubudehe household categories)
Cont - Community Selection
- Participatory (e.g.village committees, wealth ranking).
- c)Targetin Errors
- Two errors of targeting are:
- Inclusion error: the proportion of benefiaries who are not eligible(they are not poor,but they are benefiting from the programme
Cont (Target errors - Exclusion error: the proportion of eligible peaple who are not beneficiaries (they are poor, but they are not benefiting from the programme.
- a) What is monitoring?
- Purpose: To assess regularly whether the programme is progressing as planned.
- Routine collection of admistrative data
- Mostly input and output indicators
- inputs=money, staff, equipment
- Out puts=how many peaple benefits
- .Operational Indicators(e.g.targeting accuracy)
- .Monitoring complements impact evaluation
Cont - b)What is evaluation?
- Purpose: To measure changes in outcomes that can be attributed to the programme(programme impacts) ex: graduation from Ubudehe Cat 1 to Cat2 .
- Quantitative surveys: treatment group+control panel survey.
- Qualitative methods: focus group discussions, key information interviews and participatory methofs
- Mixed method: Qualitative+Qualitatve
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