Some practice in translation

Translation Loans
Literal translation should not be confused with translation loans. A translation loan is a peculiar form of word-borrowing by means of literal translation. Translation loans are built on the pattern of foreign words or phrases with the elements of the borrowing language, e.g. collective farm is a translation loan of the Russian колхоз but in a full and not in an abbreviated form: oil dollars – нефтедоллары; goodneighbourly relations – добрососедские отношения (a full loan); war effect (a partial loan as number does not coincide).
Free Translation
Free translation, that is, paraphrasing is a special type of translation used as a rule in annotations, précis, abstracts, etc. Free translation is rendering of meaning regardless of form. The aim of such translation is to convey information to people in other countries in a most compact and condensed manner.
There is another interpretation of the term “Free translation” The translator in this case considers himself as co-author and takes great liberties with the original text resorting to unjustified expansion or omissions.
“She burst out crying”
is translated as
“Слезы показались на глазах моей милой малютки” (Ch. Dickens, tr. By J.V. Vedensky).
To Conclude: the 3 parameters of translation are:

• 
  rendering of contents
  
• 
  rendering of form
  
• 
  observance of TL norms
  

These fundamentals are of equal significance and are to be duly taken into account in the process of translation. The vast resources of the Russian language enable the translator to achieve excellent and the fundamental principle of translation – what is said in one language can as well be said in another – remains inviolable.