Some practice in translation

128

	Usage of Words and Word Combinations	Different Usage. Traditional Usage of Words and Word Combinations is typical of each language. Traditional S.L. and T.L. usage or Clichés do not coincide. The words forming such Clichés often have different meanings in the 2 language but they are traditionally used to describe similar situations. The problem of the proper selection of Equivalent Words and Clichés can be solved only if the peculiarities of the correlated languages are taken into consideration. Usage is closely linked with the History and Development of the Language, of its Lexical System. Hence every language creates peculiar Clichés, Ready-Made Formulae. They are never violated by the introduction of additional words or by the substitution of their components. Translation of Mono-semantic Words: Mono-semantic words are comparatively few in number and the bulk of English words are poly-semantic. English mono-semantic words usually have full equivalents in Russian. There are the following lexical groups of mono-semantic words: 1. proper names, 2. geographical names, 3. names of the months and the days of the week, 4. numerals, and 5. some scientific and technological terms, 6. names of the streets, 7. names of hotels, 8. names of sports and games, 9. names of periodicals, 10. names of institutions and organizations. The group of mono-semantic words presents considerable variety because of its heterogeneous character.	124
	Violation of Phraseological units and its rendering	Another Stylistic device which may also be described as national is the so-called Violation of Phraseological Units or Renovation. This device is used in all Types Of Phraseological units: Fusion, Unities and Collocations. But despite their stability, Phraseological units are easily broken by some lexical elements which are either added or substituted. Evidently the ties binding the components are not indissoluble, which is probably due to a wide and flexible Collocability of the English language. The substitution of a component element may be achieved by a Synonym or an Antonym, by a word with a resembling sound form, or by any word prompted by the context or by the writer’s intention. These substitutions are always occasional and unpredictable	123