Some practice in translation

Additions are also caused by discrepancy in the use of the Plural forms and Singular forms of certain Nouns.
Delegates from various industries – представители различных отраслей промышленности.
They (the imperialists) have built up dangerous tensions in the world with an arms race of unprecedented cost and size.
Империалисты создали опасные очаги напряженности в мире, развернув небывалую и дорогостоящую гонку вооружений.
Additions are not infrequently caused by lexical reasons. A single instance may suffice here as the problem will be considered at length in the following chapter. Additions are indispensable in the translation of Verbs which bring forth in some context 2 semes simultaneously.
…Mr Ames complained his way out of bed … and went to the door. (J.Steinbeck)
Мистер Эймс, кряхтя, вылез из постели и поплелся к входной двери.
Another cause of Additions is English Word building, e.g. conversation and the use of some non-equivalent suffixes.
We showered and dressed.
Мы приняли душ и оделись.
The peace campaign snowballed rapidly.
Кампания в защиту мира росла с невероятной быстротой.
He is a chancer.
Он человек, который любит рисковать.
Omissions
Some lexical elements or structural elements of the English sentence may be regarded as redundant from the point of view of translation as they are not consonant with the norms and usage of the Russian language, e.g.
For the fishermen of Rebun, the notion that young outsiders may choose to adopt their way of life is both fascinating and perplexing.
Рыбакам острова Ребун кажется удивительным и странным, что приезжая молодежь может предпочесть их образ жизни.
Two omissions have been made here. The meaning of the word “notion” is implied in the Predicate of the Russian sentence and this word can safely be left out. The verb “to choose” and “to adopt” may be regarded as synonymous and the meaning of these 2 verbs is fully covered by the Russian verb предпочесть which implies choice.
Some typical cases of redundancy may be mentioned here: Synonymous Pairs, the use of weights and measures with Emphatic intent, Subordinate clauses of time and place.