Some practice in translation

Additions
The tendency towards Compression both in the grammatical system and the lexical system of the English language often makes Additions necessary and indispensable. Much has already been said about Additions that accompany Transpositions and Replacements. This is particularly true in the translation of Infinitive, Participle and Gerundial Complexes. There are other cases when Additions are caused by compressed structures such as the Absolute Possessive, Attributes formed by Juxtaposition [N₁ + N₂] structures and by Attributive groups.
The model [N₁ + N₂] often requires Additions in translation: riot police – специальные отряды полиции для подавления уличных беспорядков; death vehicle – автомашина, убившая прохожего, bare beaches – пляжи, где можно купаться без костюмов.
Sometimes Additions are required by Pragmatic Considerations: pay claim – требование повышения заработной платы, welfare cuts – урезывание бюджетных ассигнований на социальные нужды; herring ban – запрещение ловить сельдь в Северном море.
Attributive groups are another case in this point. The elements forming such groups vary in number, their translation into Russian as a rule requires Additions, e.g. oil thirsty Europe – Европа, испытывающая нехватку нефти; Jobs-for-youth Club – клуб, ставящий своей целью обеспечить молодежь работой.
A handful of dates and a cup of coffee habit (J.Galsworthy)
Привычка питаться горсточкой фиников и чашкой кофе.
Attributive groups present great variety because of the number and character of the Component elements. The main task facing the translator is to establish their Semantic relations and Syntactic relations with the word they modify, e.g.
Three Nicosia Greek language newspapers – Три газеты на греческом языке, выходящие в Никосии.
The decoding of an Attributive group, however, does not always involve Additions, but merely Transpositions and Replacements, e.g.
A million pound forged bank draft fraud – Афера с поддельным векселем на миллион фунтов стерлингов.