Special education of uzbekistan karshi state university the faculty of roman-german philology

Construction of the qualification paper. It consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion and the list of literature. Total amount of the work is pages.
Introduction deals with the aim , tasks, actuality, novelty and practical value of the qualification paper.
The first chapter is a theoretic part which studies main principles and aspects of Romanticism, namely romantic movement that brought Jane Austen into the literary world. The facts of the writer’s life and creative activity, her style and writing method are also given in this chapter.
The second chapter is dedicated to the literary analysis of Jane Austen’s famous novel Pride and prejudice, it’s major themes, plot structure and character drawing.
The results achieved during the investigation are summarized in conclusion.


Chapter I. Jane Austen – a famous writer of the XIX century English
literature.
In the 19th century Britain was at its height and self-confidence. It was called the "work­shop" of the world. The rich feared the poor both in the countryside and in the fast-growing towns.
Romanticism, which was the leading literary movement in England for half a century, was caused by great social and economic changes. The Industrial Revolution, which had begun in the middle of the 18^th century didn’t bring happiness to the people of Great Britain. During that period England changed from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production. The peasants, deprived of their lands, had to go to work in factories. Mines and factories had changed the appearance of the country. A large new working class developed in the cities. But mechanization didn’t improve the life of the common people. The sufferings of the working people led to the first strikes, and workers took to destroying machines. That was a movement directed against industrial slavery. Workers, who called themselves Luddites after a certain Ned Ludd who in fit of fury broke to textile frames, naively believed that machines were the chief cause of their sufferings. Those actions led to severe repression by the authorities.
During the early 1800s the French situation dominated England’s foreign policy. The French Revolution had begun in 1789 as a protest against royal despotism. In its early phases the French Revolution seemed to offer great hope for common people. At the beginning of the French Revolution, most enlightened people in Great Britain felt sympathy for the democratic ideals of the revolutionaries in France. But after achieving power, the revolutionary government in France resorted to brutality. Furthermore, in 1793 revolutionary France declared war on England.
Scientific achievements in the areas of geology, chemistry, physics and astronomy flourished during the Romantic Age, but they also didn’t improve the living conditions of the common working people. Then the belief of progressive-minded people in the ideal nature of the new system fell to pieces. As a result the Romantic Movement sprang up towards the close of the 18^th century.
The Romantic Age brought a more daring, individual and imaginative approach to both literature and life. It meant the shift of sensibility in art and literature and was based on interdependence of Man and Nature. It was a style in European art, liter­ature and music that emphasized the importance of feeling, emotion and imagination rather than reason or thought. Romanticism in literature was the reaction of the society not only to the French Revolution of 1789 but also to the Enlightenment connected with it. The common people didn't get what they had expected: neither freedom nor equality. The bourgeoisie was dis­appointed as well, because the capitalist way of devel­opment hadn't been prepared by the revolution yet. And the feudal suffered from the Revolution, because it was the Revolution that had made them much weaker. Everybody was dissatisfied with the result. In such a situation the writers decided to solve the social prob­lems by writing. In England the Romantic authors were individuals with many contrary views.
The period of Romanticism in England had its pecu­liarities. The Romantic writers of England did not call themselves romanticists (like their French and German contemporaries). Nevertheless, they all depicted the interdependence of Man and Nature. The Romantic writers based their theories on the intuition and the wisdom of the heart. On the other hand, they were violently stirred by the suffering of which they were the daily witnesses. They hoped to find a way of changing the social order by their writing, they believed in liter­ature being a sort of Mission to be carried out in order to reach the wisdom of the Universe.

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, many of the most important English writers turned away from values and ideas characteristics of the Age of Reason. The individual, rather than society, was in the center of the Romantic vision. The Romantic writers believed in the possibility of progress and social and human reform. As champions of democratic ideals, they sharply attacked all forms of tyranny and the spreading evils of individualism, such as urban blight, a polluted environment, and the alienation of people from nature and one another. They all had a deep interest in nature, not as a center of beautiful scenes but as an informing and spiritual influence on life. It was as if frightened by coming industrialism and the nightmare towns of industry, they were turning to nature for protection. Or as if, with the declining strength of traditional religious belief, men were making a religion from the spirituality of their own experiences.

They all valued their own experiences to a degree which is difficult to parallel in earlier poets. Spencer, Milton and Pope made verse out of legend or knowledge, which was common to humanity. In the period between 1786 and 1830 to generations of Romantic poets permanently affected the nature of the English language and literature. Usually, William Wordsworth and S. Taylor Coleridge, who wrote most of their major works from 1786 to 1805, are regarded as the first generation of the English Romantic poets. The romantic poets looked into themselves, seeking in their own lives for strange sensations. William Blake (1757-1827) was bitterly dis­appointed by the downfall of the French Revolution. His young contemporaries, Samuel Coleridge (1772— 1834) and William Wordsworth (1770-1850), both were warm admirers of the French Revolution, both escaped from the evils of big cities and settled in the quietness of country life, in the purity of nature, among unsophisticated country-folk. Living in the Lake coun­try of Northern England, they were known as the Lakists. The Late Romantics, George Byron (1788-1824), Percy Shelley (1792-1822), and John Keats (1795-1821), were young rebels and reflected the inter­ests of the common people. That is why the Romantic Revival of the 18th-19th centuries can be divided into three periods: the Early Romantics, the Lakists and the Later Romantics.
Prose in the romantic age included essays, literary criticism, journals, and novels. The two greatest novelists of the romantic period were Jane Austen and Sir Walter Scott. Their novels drastically different from each other. Though Jane Austen wrote during the height of the period, she remained remarkably unaffected by Romantic literary influences. Her plots concerned domestic situations. Austen wrote about middle-class life in small towns and in the famous resort city Bath. More than anyone since Fielding, she regarded the novel as a form of art which required a close and exacting discipline. The resulting narratives were so inevitable in their realism, that they gave the impression of ease, but the facility was a gift to the reader, exacted from the fundamental brainwork of the author. Her integrity as an artist was shown by the fact that she had continued to write and to revise novels even when her work seemed unlikely to find acceptance from the publishers. The women in Austen’s novels as “Pride and Prejudice” (1813) and “Emma”(1816) are known for their independence and wit . Her novels, including “Mansfield Park” (1814), “Persuasion”(1818) are realistic in tone. These later novels lack the continuous comedy and the semblance of spontaneity. In compensation, they have a more complex portrayal o characters, a more subtle irony, deeper, warmer-hearted attitude to the players of her scene. Jane Austen respected the novel as a great art. In “Northanger Abbey”(1818) she had satirized the “terror” novel, in her work she substituted her cleverly worked realism and comedy. Her letters show how conscious she was of what she was doing, and of her own limitations: “I must keep to my own style and go on in my own way; and though I may never succeed again in that, I’m convinced that I should totally fail in any other”. The complete control of her world gives her work a Shakespearian quality, though the world she controlled was smaller. She is considered to be more representative of the neoclassical tradition of eighteenth century literature than of the Romanticism. Although she received little public recognition during her lifetime, Austen is now one of the best-loved English novelists who helped to develop a modern novel.
Whereas the writers of the Age of Reason tended to regard evil as a basic part of human nature, the Romantic writers generally saw humanity as naturally good, but corrupted by society and its institutions of religion, education and government.
But all of them were against immoral luxuries of the world, against injustice and inequality of the society, against suffering and human selfishness

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