Speech development of preschoolers

So, for the acquisition of speech skills, three conditions are necessary:
1) the presence of a speech environment;
2) auditory perception;
3) speech reproduction.
In order for the child to develop speech correctly in the future, the necessary speech environment is necessary. Environment - the social, material and spiritual conditions surrounding a person for his existence. Hearing and TV viewing by children requires careful guidance from caregivers and parents. It is noted that frequent viewings create an atmosphere of oversaturation with spectacles and reduce the attention of children. Well-chosen programs contribute to the expansion of children's knowledge about the world in which they live. However, haphazard, disorganized listening and watching TV programs is not contribute to the harmonious upbringing of children.
It must not be allowed that in front of small spectators, as in a kaleidoscope, heroes completely incomprehensible to them flashed by, events unknown to them unfolded. A huge amount of information that is not really comprehended by children often does not develop, but annoys the kids. If television affects the visual centers to a greater extent, then radio has only words as means of influence, therefore, it requires the child to pay attention to the word, to a great extent. degrees develop his speech and intelligence.
Children, starting from early preschool age, even without special education, show great interest in linguistic reality, they "experiment" with words, create new ones, focusing on both the semantic and grammatical side of the language. However, with spontaneous speech development, only a few children reach a sufficiently high level, so special training is needed aimed at mastering the child's language. Preschool age is a period of active assimilation of the spoken language by the child, the formational aspects of speech: phonetic, lexical and grammatical. The sooner training starts native language, the more freely the child will use it in the future.
Often in the course of classes, the mother of the child acts as an incentive motive for speech activity. This is done consciously, since it is obvious that for a child, a mother is the best and most desired interlocutor, listener. This technique will be truly effective if the educator will sincere in his desire to help children "talk".
With a good level of speech development, a child may not correctly pronounce some sounds. One of the important links in the development of speech in a child is mastering the correct sound pronunciation.
By the age of three, a child with normally developing speech masters the correct pronunciation of all relatively simple in their articulation (that is, in the position of the speech organs) speech sounds. Articulator more complex sounds include whistling (C, Z, C), hissing (Sh, Zh, Ch, Shch), as well as the sounds R and L. Due to the fact that the correct pronunciation of these sounds requires fairly subtle and differentiated movements of the speech organs (especially the tongue), these sounds appear in children's speech usually after three years. So, according to M.E. Khvattsev, most children master the correct pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds at the age of three to five years, and R and solid L appear in children's speech at about five or six years of age. For the assimilation of sounds that are complex in articulation, it is characteristic that they are assimilated by the child without immediately in its final form, and are first replaced by sounds that are simpler in pronunciation, passing in its development, as it were, several stages. Elimination of identified sound substitutions in the oral speech of the child must be carried out before the start of literacy.
And since such substitutions are most often based on the child’s in distinguish ability (or unstable difference) of the corresponding sounds by ear, then work here must begin with educating him with a clear auditory differentiation of sounds replaced in speech. In many cases, children who have learned to distinguish these sounds by ear will be able to independently master and their correct articulation. If this does not happen, then you need to seek help from a speech therapist, but always at preschool age. In order to prevent sound substitutions, it is best to check the auditory differentiation of sounds in the third year of a child's life. Early assistance in hearing sound discrimination will allow the child to overcome the so-called "age" replacements of sounds in oral speech in a timely manner, which no longer linger until a later age. The need for special verification of the correctness of sound pronunciation is also caused by the fact that many parents do not notice defective sounds in their children, although they hear their speech every day, those who notice, often take this circumstance calmly, explaining this by the fact that they themselves also "say so" or "spoke so in childhood."
For the prevention of both sound substitutions and other violations of sound pronunciation in children, it is especially important to have the right role model - a clear, precise, unhurried and correct the speech of adults around the child. We must not forget that the child learns speech exclusively by imitation. Art, which forms the aesthetic feelings of the child and the aesthetic attitude to life, play a special role in preschool age. It is not only a means of knowing reality, but also a source of education, development of feelings and experiences that are indispensable impressions conveyed through art.
In the process of familiarization with art, the child learns to independently perceive and comprehend the artistic image of the work, to experience it emotionally, to find visual and expressive means for embodying his own vision of this image in various activities. Particular attention is required to work on the upbringing and development of the child's voice at any age. The voice requires the selection of special methods of influence and individual study. At preschool age, when the voice function has not yet been formed, special attention should be pay attention to the development of the respiratory and articulator systems, it is desirable to build classes in the game form.