Spoken and Written Language


Written Form: Lexical density (p.164)


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Spoken and Written Language

Written Form: Lexical density (p.164)

  • Due to the importance of a win in Saturday’s football game as a pre-requisite for a final appearance, the necessity of my training attendance diminishes my child minding capacity tonight
  • However, the lack of an attendance requirement on Wednesday allows my availability consequent upon your approval.

What has changed?

  • The way the information is distributed, the number of content words per clause has risen dramatically.
  • The lexical density has risen.
  • Grammatical changes push the lexical density up.
  • The key difference in grammar is the amount of grammatical metaphor.

Nominalisation

  • Much information that was spread out in the spoken language has been condensed by way of nominatisation.
  • e.g.
  • because I must go to football training (clause)
  • The necessity of my training requirement (noun phrase)

Example (Halliday 1989)

  • Spoken:
  • This is yer phone bill and you hafta go to the post office to pay it – uh by next Monday, that’s what this bax tells ya – or they’ll cut the phone off.
  • Written:
  • All phone bills must be paid by the date shown or service will be discontinued.

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