Static Electricity 2000 Edition

77
–49
2000 Edition
FIGURE C.1(g)
Typical grounding system for small volume solvent handling at dispensing station.
FIGURE C.1(h)
Typical grounding system for small equipment.
Building static grounding
system “bus”
Grounding tab for
portable grounding
attachment
Grounding clamp
for filling drum
Pipe grounding clamp and cable
Grounding tab for
portable grounding
attachment
Building grounding
“bus” with
jumper to table
¹⁄₄-in. stainless steel grounding
cable around lighting piston or
tilting pivot for grounding upper
part of unit; allow slack for
maximum travel (lug to framework)
Open pail
with grounding
cable and
clamp attached
Angle clip
grounding
tab bolted
to table

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77–
50
STATIC ELECTRICITY
2000 Edition
FIGURE C.1(i)
Typical grounding system for small volume for portable tank and drum transfer area.
FIGURE C.1(j)
Typical grounding system for drum rack.
#1/0 –1/C stranded wire
building ground “bus”
Standard
wall-mounted
grounding tab
Open pail grounding
arrangement
Grounding
clamp
Portable grounding
reel with 20 ft of
⁵⁄₃₂-in. diameter
stainless steel
cable ratchet
latching
Note: IMPORTANT
Identical grounding
arrangement required
for each pair of drums
Fasten ground cable to
rack with 
³⁄₈-in. one-
hole conduit clamps on
2 ft, 0 in. centers
Building
ground
“bus”
Clamp to
drum “lip”
Top beam
clamp on
upper drum
Grounding tab for
connecting clamps
when transfering
solvents

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APPENDIX D
77
–51
2000 Edition
FIGURE C.1(k)
Typical grounding system for tank car or tank truck loading/unloading station.
Appendix D
Glossary of Terms
This appendix is not a part of the recommendations of this NFPA
document but is included for informational purposes only.
D.1 General.
This glossary contains terms and definitions
that are not included in Chapter 3. The terms are presented
here to assist the user.
D.1.1 Air Ionizer.
A device for producing ions in air. Ions
from an air ionizer can be attracted to stationary charges on
nonconductive items (or items insulated from ground) to
eliminate the charge imbalance. Other air ionizers are used to
inject ions of a single polarity into an enclosure.
D.1.2 Antistatic Additives.
Additives used to change the elec-
trostatic properties of solid and liquid materials. Extrinsic and
intrinsic antistatic additives can be distinguished according to
the method of addition. Based on the permanence of their
effect, antistatic treatments can be short- or long-term.
D.1.3 Brush Discharge.
A higher energy form of corona dis-
charge characterized by low-frequency bursts or by streamers.
Brush discharges can form between charged nonconductive
surfaces and grounded conductors acting as electrodes. For
positive electrodes, pre-onset or breakdown streamers are
observed and the maximum effective energy is a few milli-
joules. For negative electrodes, the maximum effective energy
is a few tenths of a millijoule. Brush discharges can ignite flam-
mable gas and hybrid mixtures but not dust in air.
D.1.4 Bulking Brush Discharge.
A partial surface discharge
created during bulking of powder in containers, appearing as
a luminous, branched channel flashing radially from the wall
toward the center of the container. Its maximum effective
energy is 10 mJ to 25 mJ. It can ignite flammable gas, hybrid
mixtures, and some fine dusts in air.
D.1.5 Charge.
A collection or imbalance of electrons or of
positive or negative ions that can accumulate on both conduc-
tors and insulators and that has both magnitude and polarity.
Movement of charge constitutes an electric current. Excess or
deficiency of electrons is expressed in coulombs. An electron
carries a charge of –1.6 
× 10
−19
coulombs.