Static Electricity 2000 Edition
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NFPA 77 Static Electricity
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- 4.3.4 Hybrid Mixtures.
FIGURE 4.3.3.3
Nomograph for estimating energy in a capacitive spark discharge. (Pratt, 1997, p. 113.) 4.3.3.4* To be capable of causing ignition, the energy released in the discharge must be at least equal to the mini- mum ignition energy (MIE) of the ignitible mixture. Other factors, such as the shape of the charged electrodes and the form of discharge, influence conditions for the static electric discharge and its likelihood of causing ignition. 4.3.3.5 Most gases and vapors of saturated hydrocarbons require about 0.25 mJ of energy for spark discharge ignition, assuming optimum mixtures with air. Unsaturated hydrocar- bons can have lower MIEs. Discussion of MIEs for specific materials can be found in Chapters 7 through 9. 4.3.3.6 Mists, dusts, and fibers usually require MIEs that are one or two orders of magnitude greater than those for gases and vapors. Note that for any given particulate material, the MIE diminishes rapidly with decreasing particle size. 4.3.3.7 The ignition energies for gases, vapors, and dusts are reduced by an increase in the oxygen concentration relative to that for air. Likewise, ignition energies are increased by a decrease in oxygen concentration. 4.3.4 Hybrid Mixtures. Where two or more flammable mate- rials of different phases (e.g., a dust and a vapor) are present in the same mixture, the mixture is known as a hybrid. Tests have shown that adding a flammable gas to a dust suspension can greatly lower the ignition energy of the dust. This phenome- non is especially true when the gas is present at a concentration below its lower flammable limit or the dust is below its mini- mum explosable concentration. Such hybrid mixtures can sometimes be ignited even if both components are below their respective lower limits. A hybrid mixture can be formed by: (1) Vapor desorption from particulates (such as in resin product receivers) (2) Reaction of particulates with atmospheric moisture that produces a flammable gas (3) Introduction of a dust into a flammable vapor atmo- sphere (such as adding a dust or powder to a flammable liquid) In such instances, the hybrid mixture can be ignited at the MIE of the most easily ignited component. Download 1.59 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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