Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир


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стилистика

Exclamatory words: Good! Stone the crows! Weil! Look out! Hurrah! Hear, hear! Heavens! Great Heavens!
Oaths and Swear words: Upon my word! The devil! Christ! God, gracious! Bloody, damn, bastard etc.
Qualitative and intensifying adjectives and adverbs: awfully, capital, terrible, wonderful, dreadfully, fine, fantastic, terrific. Let us see the following examples: "How horribly unjust of you", cried Lord Henry (O. Wilde). 'Oh, this is becoming an awful bore for you... Thank you all the same, it's awfully sweet of you". (H. Bates).
The emotive meaning of the underlined words is stronger than the logical meaning and we may say that they have lost their logical meaning and retained their emotive meaning. There are groups of words in the language in which emotive meaning prevails. Among them we have such words as: love, hate, motherland, scoundrel, traitor, and hero. Suffixes having diminutive meanings may also be treated as adding emotive meaning to words with neutral logical meaning: cubicle (compare with cube), particle (part), globule (globe), locket (lock), townlet (town), wavelet (wave), booklet (book), bootkin (boot), shirtie (shirt), birdie (bird). But still it is necessary to mention that the context helps to distinguish if the word is used in its emotive meaning or in its logical meaning.
Nominal meanings express concepts by indicating a particular object out of a whole class. Traditionally these words are treated as proper nouns. Nominal meaning is defined as a derivative logical meaning. In order to distinguish the word with a nominal meaning one must know that it is spelt by a capital letter. Such words as "Longfellow", 'Black Sea" has the nominal meaning in which the logical meaning may be forgotten. Some proper names may beconsidered as homonyms of common nouns. For example: Miss Hope (hope), Mrs. Brown (brown), Miss Sweet (sweet).
The development of meaning may be of different directions. A nominal meaning may acquire a logical meaning due to different conditions. Some feature of a person which made him famous is recognized by the society and this feature becomes the basis for the new logical meaning; dunce (Duns Scottish), hooligan (Irish name Hooligan), boycott (captain Boycott, Irish landlord).



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