Structural-semantic peculiarities of conditional sentences in english and uzbek

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The word MOOD is derived from the Latin word ‘modus’ which means mode or manner. Hence Mood means the mode or manner in which the action of a verb takes place. It is a grammatical category which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality. There are three moods in modem English:
1. The Indicative Mood
2. The Imperative Mood
3. The Subjunctive Mood
The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a fact.
e.g. There are four seasons in a year.
He did not come here yesterday.
The Imperative Mood expresses a command or request.
e.g. Don’t be late next time.
Be happy!
The Subjunctive Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact as something imaginary or desirable.
e. g. Success attend you!
If only it were true!
The dean is out or there would be a light in his window.
I wish I were a king.
All these Moods are used in simple, compound and complex sentences⁵⁹.
a) The action refers to the Present or Future; Past Simple is used in the subordinate clause and analytical form of the Subjunctive Mood with the mood auxiliary would/should/might/could plus indefinite infinitive (without to) in the principal clause.
b) The action refers to the Past. Past Perfect is used in the subordinate clause and the Subjunctive Mood with the mood auxiliary would plus perfect infinitive (without to) in the principal clause.
c) Mixed clauses: John wouldn’t have lost the key unless he were so absent-minded.
This is a complex sentence. It consists of the principal clause ‘John wouldn’t have lost the key’ and the subordinate adverbial clause of condition ‘unless he were so absentminded’
The clause is introduced by the subordinative conjunction ‘unless’.
Wouldn’t have lost is a simple verbal predicate, expressed by the perfect infinitive of the verb ‘ to lose’ and the mood auxiliary would in the negative form.
John is the subject of the principal clause, expressed by a proper noun, in the Common Case.
The key is a direct object, expressed by a common class noun, singular, Common Case.
Were absent-minded is a compound nominal predicate. It consists of the link verb ‘to be' in the Subjunctive Mood synthetic form and a predicative, expressed by an adjective in the positive degree.
He is the subject of the subordinate clause, expressed by a personal pronoun, 3^rd person, singular, Nominative Case.
So is an adverbial modifier of degree, expressed by an adverb.
d) “But for” plus a noun:
But for luck he would be still living alone.
This is a simple extended declarative affirmative sentence.
Would be living is a simple verbal predicate, expressed by the continuous infinitive of the verb ‘to live' in the Subjunctive Mood analytical form with the mood auxiliary ‘would’.
He is the subject, expressed by a personal pronoun, 3rd person, singular, Nominative Case.
Still is an adverbial modifier of time, expressed by an adverb.
Alone is an adverbial modifier of manner, expressed by an adjective.
But for luck is an adverbial modifier of condition, expressed by a phrase.
e) The verb ‘should’ may be put at the beginning of the subordinate clause. In this case ‘should’ is used for all the persons with an indefinite infinitive.
Analysis: Should anything change, you will return home.
This is a complex sentence. It consists of the principal clause ‘you will return home’ and the subordinate adverbial clause of condition ‘should anything change’. The clause is introduced asyndetically.
Will return is a simple verbal predicate, expressed by the verb ‘to returri in the Future Simple, indicative mood.