Students will list and explain the 4 main causes of wwi in their notebook. Students will list and explain the 4 main causes of wwi in their notebook

Students will list and explain the 4 main causes of WWI in their notebook.

• Students will list and explain the 4 main causes of WWI in their notebook.

How can imperialism lead to conflict?

• How can imperialism lead to conflict?

Definition: When one country takes over another country to build an empire.

• Definition: When one country takes over another country to build an empire.

Definition: Competition of creating the largest military

• Definition: Competition of creating the largest military

During the 1800’s the Industrial Revolution was happening in Europe.

• During the 1800’s the Industrial Revolution was happening in Europe.

• With the invention of factories, weapons were less expensive to produce allowing countries to improve and buy them in mass quantities.

• Countries were also experimenting with new weapons such as airplanes, tanks, chemical warfare.

Definition: Pride for your country.

• Definition: Pride for your country.

An agreement between two or more countries to help each other. It can include military help, money or providing of weapons.

• An agreement between two or more countries to help each other. It can include military help, money or providing of weapons.

• Late 1800’s many countries in Europe made various alliances, Triple Entente and The Triple Alliance

The great powers at the turn of the 20th century were:

• The great powers at the turn of the 20th century were:

Rivalry was motivated by:

• Rivalry was motivated by:

• Nationalism and Economic Competition

Triple Entente

• Triple Entente

• France, Great Britain, Russia

• Triple Alliance

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Serbia resented Austria-Hungary’s control over Bosnia

• Serbia resented Austria-Hungary’s control over Bosnia

• Russia and Austria-Hungary want control over the people of the Balkan Peninsula

• Many new nations have recently formed from the dying Ottoman Empire

What were the three forces at work in Europe that helped set the stage for war?

• What were the three forces at work in Europe that helped set the stage for war?

• Who were the members of the Triple Alliance? Triple Entente?

• What single event set in motion the start of World War I?

• What led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary?

Why would the allies have an advantage in fighting WWI over the Central Powers?

• Why would the allies have an advantage in fighting WWI over the Central Powers?

• Explain by writing a paragraph.
• Give two or more reasons.

Out of the new technology used during WWI, which do you think was the most significant? Explain why.

• Out of the new technology used during WWI, which do you think was the most significant? Explain why.

Communication: Have access to radios and even telephones.

• Communication: Have access to radios and even telephones.

Transportation: Industrialization brought new forms of transportation; railroads, steamships and automobiles.

• Transportation: Industrialization brought new forms of transportation; railroads, steamships and automobiles.

Weapons: Modern weapons increased casualties and changed the style of fighting; trench warfare, submarine warfare, dogfights, etc.

• Weapons: Modern weapons increased casualties and changed the style of fighting; trench warfare, submarine warfare, dogfights, etc.

On separate sheet of paper (#4), create a bubble map of “life in the trenches.”

• On separate sheet of paper (#4), create a bubble map of “life in the trenches.”

• Must have at least 10 descriptive aspects

Modern war was very different from the traditional “gentleman’s warfare.” Modern

• Modern war was very different from the traditional “gentleman’s warfare.” Modern

• Weapons like the machine gun forced soldiers to find protection by digging trenches.

• Morale of soldiers changed  bad living conditions  a lot of casualties

• Can’t gain advantage in trench warfare

• Led to stalemate

In a couple sentences (2-3 sentences), describe what trench warfare was like

• In a couple sentences (2-3 sentences), describe what trench warfare was like

AH Declares War on SER

• AH Declares War on SER

• RUS Declares War on AH

• GER Declares War on RUS

• GER Declares War on FRA

• GB Declares War on GER and AH

Although World War I was a world war, it was confined to only a few areas:

• Although World War I was a world war, it was confined to only a few areas:

• The Western Front
• The Eastern Front
• The War at Sea

Germans, Austria-Hungarians vs. French, British and later Americans

• Germans, Austria-Hungarians vs. French, British and later Americans

• Germany develops the Schlieffen Plan

• Battle of the Marne (1914- German Defeat)

• Trench Warfare on the Western Front

Battle of Verdun

• Battle of Verdun

• Ten months long
• French and German armies.
• Estimated 540,000 French and 430,000 German casualties
• Stalemate

• Battle of Somme

• English and French vs Germany
• Six months of fighting
• Five miles of advancement for Allies
• 1 million men killed

Russians and Serbs vs. Germans and Austria-Hungarians

• Russians and Serbs vs. Germans and Austria-Hungarians

• War more mobile but still a stalemate

• Russia’s disadvantages

• Not Industrialized
• Short on Supplies

• Russia’s advantage

• People

Battle of Tannenberg:

• Battle of Tannenberg:

• August 1914- First major eastern battle.
• Russia was badly defeated and pushed back.
• Russia lost millions of men against Germany, undersupplied, under gunned

Where was WWI primarily fought? Be specific.

• Where was WWI primarily fought? Be specific.

genocide – the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people

• genocide – the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people

• ethnic cleansing – the action of forcing people to leave an area or country because of their racial or national group

• refugee – someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially during a war, or for political or religious reasons

exterminate – to kill large numbers of people of a particular group so that they no longer exist

• exterminate – to kill large numbers of people of a particular group so that they no longer exist

• denial – when you refuse to admit or believe that something bad exists or has happened

• civic responsibility – obligations as a good citizen, responsibilities of a good citizen.

killing members of the group

• killing members of the group

• causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group

• deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in a whole or in part

• imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group

• forcibly transferring children from the group to another group

Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1992-1995 – 200,000 Deaths

• Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1992-1995 – 200,000 Deaths

• Rwanda: 1994 - 800,000 Deaths

• Pol Pot in Cambodia: 1975-1979 – 2,000,000 Deaths

• Nazi Holocaust: 1938-1945 – 6,000,000 Deaths

• Rape of Nanking: 1937-1938 – 300,000 Deaths

• Stalin’s Forced Famine: 1932-1933 – 7,000,000 Deaths

• Armenians in Turkey: 1915-1918 – 1,500,000 Deaths

campaign - a connected series of military operations forming a distinct phase of a war

• campaign - a connected series of military operations forming a distinct phase of a war

• ammunition/munitions – guns and other explosive military items

• blockade – the forced closing off of an area to any traffic or communication through the use of ships and/or land forces

• civilians – a person who is not in the military

• total war – countries put all resources into the war effort, human and industrial

ration – limit the supply of goods that are needed for the war effort

• ration – limit the supply of goods that are needed for the war effort

• censor/censorship – holding back information, restrictions placed on written work by someone in authority

• propaganda – one-sided information, spreading of ideas to promote a given cause or damage an opposing one.

• combatant – someone who fights in a war.

• provisional - temporary

strategy – a plan of action to achieve a goal

• strategy – a plan of action to achieve a goal

• truce/armistice/cease-fire – temporary ending / an agreement to stop fighting.

• disillusionment – when you realize what you thought was good or true really isn’t. Loss of idealism.

• legacy – anything handed down from the past.

What do you think was Russia’s biggest disadvantage in WWI? Why?

• What do you think was Russia’s biggest disadvantage in WWI? Why?

Remain Neutral?

• Remain Neutral?

• U.S. has mixed feelings- a nation of immigrants, support Germany?
• This was Europe’s war, stay out?
• Germany the “bully of Europe”

British Blockade of Germany

• British Blockade of Germany

• -no supplies in or out of Germany
• -Americans begin to take a side

• German Submarine Warfare

• -starting to affect American shipping

• Lusitania sunk (May 1915) by u-boats

• Germans promise to stop sub warfare……..

• British Propaganda

The Zimmerman Note (Jan 1917):

• The Zimmerman Note (Jan 1917):

• -Germany sends message to Mexico: “ We are resuming sub warfare, Help us beat the U.S. and we’ll give you back the American west.”
• -America reacts….

• Congress Declares War on Germany (April 1917)…why Germany and not UK?

• The Russian Revolution 1917: severely weakens Russia

• Russia has to make peace treaty with Central powers
• w/draws from combat& the Allies begin to struggle

Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

• Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

Popular support for World War I was garnered by imagery used in newspapers and posters. This phenomena is known as propaganda. Propaganda posters played a major role in World War I.

• Popular support for World War I was garnered by imagery used in newspapers and posters. This phenomena is known as propaganda. Propaganda posters played a major role in World War I.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire

• The Austro-Hungarian Empire

• Germany

• The Ottoman Empire

• Bulgaria

France

• France

• Russia

• United Kingdom

• United States

• Australia

• Belgium

• Canada

• Italy

• Recruitment of soldiers: Posters aimed at recruitment attempted to get men to join the army and fight for their country.

• Conservation of goods: These posters encouraged people at home to conserve goods so that they could be used by soldiers in the war.

• Purchasing of war bonds: These posters advocated the purchase of war bonds, which would help the government fund the war.

• Support for the war at home: These posters encouraged people not in the army to become involved in the war at home by joining organizations or working in industries related to the war effort.

• Catchy phrases: Posters often used catchy phrases or slogans in order to stick in the memory of the people who saw them.

• Appeals to patriotism: Displaying symbols of the country was a strategy used in propaganda posters, and could include anything from flags to symbols such as eagles.

• Demonization of the enemy: Another strategy involved a direct attack on the enemy. In these posters the enemy is portrayed as a demonic figure that is often doing things that no moral human being would do.

• Half-Truths/Half-Lies: These posters used inaccurate information in an attempt to persuade viewers.

Caricatures: These posters portray the enemy in a ridiculous fashion and make them appear as if they are not human.

• Caricatures: These posters portray the enemy in a ridiculous fashion and make them appear as if they are not human.

• Appeals to emotion: These posters attempt to create an emotional response in the viewer, who will then be compelled to act.

• Name Calling: These posters resort to insults or name calling directed at the enemy.

What are forms of propaganda that we see today?

• What are forms of propaganda that we see today?

When Russia left the war, Germany didn’t have to fight a 2-front war.

• When Russia left the war, Germany didn’t have to fight a 2-front war.

• March, 1918- Germany tries one last push against France, but were to weak to complete the attack on France.
• May, 1918 - France, with the new supply of American troops, was able to counterattack Germany.

Germany was now facing shortages, soldiers revolting, and a revolutionary movement, which eventually forced the Kaiser to step down.

• Germany was now facing shortages, soldiers revolting, and a revolutionary movement, which eventually forced the Kaiser to step down.
• Germany and France signed an armistice and WWI ended on 11/11/1918 at 11 am.

• World War I ends

Individuals who survived WWI, but became disillusioned and disheartened by the horrors they experienced.

• Individuals who survived WWI, but became disillusioned and disheartened by the horrors they experienced.

• The Lost Generation expressed their feelings in their art and literature of the time.

• The "Lost Generation" defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s.

• World War I seemed to have destroyed the idea that if you acted virtuously, good things would happen.

• Many good, young men went to war and died, or returned home either physically or mentally wounded (for most, both), and their faith in the moral guideposts that had earlier given them hope, were no longer valid...they were "Lost."

Which major effect of WWI do you think was the most significant? Explain.

• Which major effect of WWI do you think was the most significant? Explain.

The Allies Meet at Versailles

• The Allies Meet at Versailles

• Paris, January 1919
• The Big Four
• Woodrow Wilson
• Georges Clemenceau
• David Lloyd George
• Vittorio Orlando

Wilson’s Plan for Postwar Peace

• Wilson’s Plan for Postwar Peace

• Fourteen Points
• End to Secret Treaties
• Reduced National Armies and Navies
• Free Trade
• Freedom of the Seas
• Self-Determination
• League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles with Germany

• Treaty of Versailles with Germany

• Germany forced to…
• War-guilt clause – take responsibility for the war
• Pay reparations of thirty-three billion
• Give up colonial possessions in Africa and Asia
• Reduced territory
• Keep area near France, the Rhineland, demilitarized

New Nations

• New Nations

• Poland
• Austria
• Hungary
• Czechoslovakia
• Yugoslavia
• Finland
• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania

New Nations

• New Nations

• Poland
• Austria
• Hungary
• Czechoslovakia
• Yugoslavia

The treaty did little to create lasting peace and balance of power in Europe.

• The treaty did little to create lasting peace and balance of power in Europe.

• The United States refused to sign this treaty and created its own treaties with the Central Powers. The United States began a policy of isolationism.

• Germany was left bitter and full of hate.

The Legacy of the War

• The Legacy of the War

• U.S. refuses to sign the Treaty
• 8.5 million soldiers dead
• The war cost 338 billion
• Many Germans are shocked by the armistice and the terms of the treaty.
• Desperate economic conditions in Germany help Hitler rise to power.