Supported by: Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Islamic Development Bank (idb)


 Use a variety of interaction patterns


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Teaching English as a Foreign Language

3. Use a variety of interaction patterns 
Within a single lesson the teacher and students may interact with each other in many different 
ways. There are some examples below: 
 
T --- Ss : Teacher communicates with students 
 
Ss --- T : Students communicate with the teacher 
 
S --- S : A student communicates with another student (might be in pairs) 
 
S --- Ss : A student communicates with other students 
4. Use personalization 
Personalization means making the learning points meaningful to the learners, especially how 
they relate to their daily lives. When using materials for personalization should consider the age
lifestyle, location, needs and interests of the learners. For instance, if your learners are interested in 
music, you can choose reading texts about music, you can play music in class as a stimulus to 
discussion, and you can also use music as a basis for a writing project. 

 
Similarly, activities you choose should mirror the kind of activities they do in the real world. 
For example, formal debates are not something that people do in their daily lives; however, decision-
making activities are. Ranking activities and sequencing activities are perhaps more appropriate to 
learners than debates. 
Personalization can also be applied when using materials. One factor that may influence 
motivation in the classroom is the intrinsic interest generated by the material. This may be achieved by 
personalization, adapting the content of the materials to make them more meaningful to the learner. 
 
The materials relate to the world that the students know
 
The tasks give students an opportunity to talk about themselves and their daily lives. 
 
The learning points are useful in the students’ life. 
When you teach students about ‘breakfast’ using a material about western people’s breakfast, for 
example, you can later on ask students to tell friends or write about their own breakfast. Similarly, 
when you teach about recreation places and the book you use describes ‘The Caribbean Islands,’ you 
may ask your students to write about recreation places in their towns. These are among the ways that 
you can personalize the materials to make them more familiar to your students. 


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