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- III. The Russian Text of Testimony 1. The ‘Moscow Typescript’: Another Rush to Judgment
219 Bernstein, in ‘Shostakovich in Shades of Grey’, reports: Fay’s sense of Shostakovich the man is ‘a little hard to put into words. He was a brilliant, brilliant man — talented beyond anything that most of us can imagine. And . . . he was a very conflicted person. On the one hand, he resisted and resented some of the things that happened to him [under the communist regime]. On the other hand, he was a wuss. He knew this, and it was a source of great agony to him. So in a sense he ate himself up from inside’. 220 Fay devotes only a few paragraphs to the Antiformalist Rayok in her book, p. 165, and, in doing so, dismisses it merely as a ‘party skit, a diversion’ rather than acknowledging the composer’s courage in writing this anti-Stalinist satire in the wake of the Historic Decree of 1948, even if ‘for the drawer’. In contrast, we devote sixteen pages to Rayok in Shostakovich Reconsidered, Manashir Yakubov writes about it at length in ‘Shostakovich’s Anti-Formalist Rayok’, Shostakovich in Context, ed. Bartlett, pp. 135–57, and Irina Shostakovich states: ‘If you want to know what he [Shostakovich] really thought, you need to listen to a piece of bitter musical satire [Rayok] he composed after Khrennikov’s lambasting and had to keep hidden for many years while the intimidation continued’ (Martin Sixsmith, ‘The Secret Rebel’, The Guardian, 15 July 2006. 221 Fay, p. 269. 222 In ‘Casting a Great Composer as a Fictional Hero’, p. AR 43, Taruskin writes: In 1960, by which time his international fame offered him a shield, Shostakovich gave in to pressure and joined the Communist Party. The autobiographical Eighth Quartet, which places his musical monogram in conjunction with a famous prison song, was an act of atonement for this display of weakness. [. . .] Shostakovich’s likely motive in dictating whatever portion of Testimony proves to be truly his was exculpation for [such] failures of nerve’. He goes on to say ‘It is important to quash the fantasy image of Shostakovich as a dissident, no matter how much it feeds his popularity, because it dishonors actual dissidents like Mr. Solzhenitsyn or Andrei Sakharov, who took risks and suffered reprisals. Shostakovich did not take risks’. 223 Also cf. pp. 176–80 below. 224 Taruskin, ‘Dictator’, p. 35. 55 So, one must admit, if ever an opera deserved to be banned it was this one, and matters are not changed by the fact that its actual ban was for wrong and hateful reasons. 225 Is it really Volkov who abuses Shostakovich or those who attack his music and demean his character? 225 Taruskin, ‘Entr’acte: The Lessons of Lady M.’, Defining Russia Musically, p. 509, with no indication that he was being ironic. 56 III. The Russian Text of Testimony 1. The ‘Moscow Typescript’: Another Rush to Judgment One of the major articles in A Shostakovich Casebook is Fay’s discussion of a photocopy of the Russian text of Testimony that she refers to as the ‘Moscow typescript’ 226 because it is now in the Shostakovich Family Archive in Moscow. What is remarkable is that Fay does not provide any provenance for this material nor does she establish chain of custody for it. From where did it come? 227 When did it arrive? And who made the changes in the text? Are we to believe that this text appeared anonymously, in plain-paper wrapping, on the Archive’s doorstep? It is worth remembering that on 8 September 2004, photocopied documents casting a negative light on George W. Bush’s National Guard service surfaced just before the U. S. presidential election. A major American news organization, CBS News, accepted these as genuine, without questioning the source or accuracy of the material. Eventually, the documents were dismissed as forgeries circulated by Bill Burkett, a longtime Bush critic. 228 Could such a situation occur in the Shostakovich arena as well? Has Fay thoroughly vetted the Moscow typescript to justify the conclusions drawn in her text? The answer appears to be ‘no’, even though the media again has been quick to praise her detective work as a ‘coup de grâce’, 229 ‘Sherlockian’, 230 ‘an excellent example of seasoned, cutting-edge scholarship’, 231 and ‘a vigorous forensic examination’. 232 The question is, is Fay’s work ‘cutting-edge’ or cutting-corners research? Moreover, has her ‘forensic examination’ been performed thoroughly and even on the correct body? 226 Fairclough, p. 453, erroneously claims that Fay has examined the ‘original Russian typescript’. As detailed on the following pages, what Fay has seen may be derived from the original Russian typescript, but clearly differs in significant details from what others who worked with the Russian text saw in 1979. 227 Taruskin, in On Russian Music, p. 320, states that in 2000 ‘a photocopy was passed along to her [Fay] by Irina Antonovna Shostakovich, who had lately received it from an acquaintance in the United States’. This still does not provide a reliable, unbroken chain of custody for this material. Who was this acquaintance and from where did he or she get this copy? 228 On 10 January 2005, an independent panel concluded that CBS News ‘failed to follow basic journalistic principles in the preparation and reporting’ of this 60 Minutes Wednesday broadcast. According to the panel, ‘“myopic zeal” led the program to air a story critical of Bush’s service record that was based on documents that might have been forged’. Dan Rather later acknowledged that CBS had only obtained photocopies of the documents, not the originals. On 20 September 2004, CBS News stated that ‘it could no longer be sure the documents were genuine’, then fired four individuals responsible for preparing the story (cf. Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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