before the tax is levied. The initial
equilibrium price is OP and
equilibrium quantity is OM. When the tax amounting to PT is levied,
the price remains the same, but the supply is decreased to S
1
. Here
new supply curve S
1
is drawn taking marginal cost curve + tax into
account. In this situation, the whole incidence of the unit tax (PABT)
is borne by the seller, because the demand being perfectly elastic,
at no price higher than OP,
will any purchases be made, so the
seller cannot raise the price at all and has to absorb the tax burden
himself from his profit.
(vi) When the demand is perfectly inelastic and the supply is elastic,
the whole incidence will be on the buyer.
Figure 15.7
In
the above figure, D is a vertical straight line demand
curve denoting the perfectly inelastic demand.
The initial
equilibrium price is OP. The incidence of a net tax NT is wholly
upon the buyer, as the price increasing by the fullest
extent of the
tax, to PP
1
(PP
1
is the rise in price, which is
equal to NT the amount
of tax levied).
(vii)
When the supply is perfectly elastic and demand is inelastic,
the whole incidence will be on the buyer.
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