"Tarixi Fargʻona" qoʻlyozma asarida yozilishicha, shaharga 883 yilda asos solingan

Meʼmoriy yodgorliklardan Pir Siddiq majmui („Kaptarlik“, 18-asr oʻrtalari), Xoʻja Magʻiz maqbarasi (18-asrning birinchi yarmi), Chokar, Toronbozor masjidlari (20-asr boshlari), Saidahmad Xoja Eshon madrasasi (19-asr oxiri) va boshqalar saqlanib qolgan. Margʻilonda buyuk alloma Burhoniddin Margʻinoniy yashab oʻtgan, shoira Uvaysiy (Jahon Otin) tugʻilgan va boshqa bir qancha mashhur kishilar ijod qilganlar.
Margʻilon shahri ming yillardan beri oʻzining usta-hunarmandlari, olimu fuzalolari bilan dunyoga mashhurdir. 2007-yil YUNESKO qaroriga binoan shahrning 2000 yillik tantanalari oʻtkazildi. Qadimiy Xitoy yozma manbalarida Dovonda Lar gi shahri keltirilgan, Xitoy olimlari ilmiy ishlarida bu shahar Hozirgi Margʻilon shahriga togʻri keladi va bu shahar 2700-yil tarihga ega ekanligini isbotlaydi.
Marg‘ilon tarixi
Afsonalarga koʻra, Mahalliy aholi Iskandarning o'z shahriga borib, unga qizil gilam tayyorlash niyatidan xabar topadi. Shaharliklar mehmonni tovuq va non bilan kutib olishdi. Bayramdan keyin Iskandar Zulqarnayn, taomning nomi nima ekanligini so'radi. Ular unga javob berishdi: "Murginon", ya'ni "tovuq va non". Qaytib ketayotib, yana shu taomni tatib ko‘rdi, keyin bu yerni “Murginon” deb nomladi. O‘shandan beri shahar Marg‘ilon deb atala boshlandi. Albatta, Marg‘ilon shahrining nomlanishi haqida turlicha qarashlar, taxminlar mavjud.
Marg‘ilon Farg‘ona vodiysining qadimiy shaharlaridan biridir. 1994-2004 yillarda Oʻzbekiston Arxeologiya instituti xodimlari shaharda ish olib borib, Margʻilon vohasida miloddan avvalgi IV-III asrlarda sugʻorma dehqonchilik boʻlganligini aniqladilar.
Ilmiy ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, shahar miloddan avvalgi II-I asrlarda, Buyuk Ipak yo‘lining bir tarmog‘i Farg‘ona vodiysi shaharlaridan biri bo‘lgan hozirgi Marg‘ilon hududidan o‘tgan paytda paydo bo‘lgan. Manbalarda aholi punkti 9-asrdan maʼlum boʻlgan. Margʻilon nomi X asrdan beri maʼlum.
Farg‘ona vodiysida Iskandar Zulqarnaynga sig‘inish, ehtimol, Marg‘ilonning Poshsha Iskandar mahallasida yashovchi, o‘zini uning avlodi deb bilgan tog‘lilarning ko‘chishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan.
Iskandar Zulqarnayn qabri joylashgani aytilayotgan maqbara XVIII asrga tegishli.
Bundan kelib chiqadiki, katta ehtimol bilan bu qabrda Iskandarning qabri bo‘lgan, lekin Iskandar Zulqarnayn emas, balki Darvazlik (Pomir) Poshsha Iskandar – Shimolda Farg‘ona, Ko‘lab va Kobulda hukmronlik qilgan Shoh Darvoz Abulfayzxonning bobosi. 17-asrda janubda.
Shunga qaramay, Marg‘ilon nomini qo‘yish tarixiga oid qiziqroq ma’lumotlar mavjud.
Ishoqxon Toʻra Ibrat Margʻilon shahrining nomlanishi tarixini fors oʻlkasidan kelgan koʻchmanchi xalqlar yashagan hudud bilan bogʻlaydi. Ba'zi ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, shaharning kengayish davri 833 yilga, ya'ni 9-asrga to'g'ri keladi.
Marg‘ilonda 9-asrdan boshlab hunarmandchilik keng tarqalganligini arxeologik tadqiqotlar ham tasdiqlaydi.
“Margʻilon” shahri Gilonda ipakchilik bilan shugʻullangan aholi tomonidan bir qancha aholi punktlari oʻrnida tashkil topgan.
Xalifalik davrida arablarning Sharqqa boʻlgan istilosining kuchayishi tufayli geografik, ijtimoiy-siyosiy omillar taʼsirida koʻplab arablar Oʻrta Osiyoga koʻchib kela boshladilar.
4-xalifa Ali ibn Abu Tolib (656-661) davrida 1-xalifa Muhammad Abu Bakr as-Siddiq urugʻidan boʻlgan Qurayshning bir qismi boʻlgan Muhammad paygʻambarning amakivachchalari va kuyovlari. Madina shahri zodagonlari rahbariyati, shimoli-sharqga Kaspiy dengizi qirg'oqlariga ko'chib o'ta boshladi va Gilon vodiysida poytaxti Resht shahri bo'lgan qudratli Seyidlar davlat quradilar.
Bu aholining bir qismi keyingi koʻchish toʻlqinlari tufayli bugungi Margʻilon va uning atrofidagi hududlarga kelib qoʻnim topgan.
Keyingi asrlarda aholi punkti tovush va imlo jihatidan turlicha Moargilon, Margʻilon, Margʻilon deb atalgan boʻlsa-da, maʼnosi bir xil — “Biz Gilonlikmiz” degan maʼnoga qisqargan.
Tarixdan ma’lumki, 12—17-asrlarda Margʻilon yirik forsiyzabon shahar boʻlib, bu yerda turkiyzabon minglab, yuzlab va boshqa qabilalar istiqomat qilgan.
Madinadan Gilonga hijrat qilgan Quraysh qabilalari u yerdagi forsiyzabon xalqlar bilan yaqinlashib, ularning etnik hayotida til va geografik omillar ta’sirida o‘zgarish jarayonlari sodir bo‘lganini ko‘rish mumkin. Arablar mahalliy hududning toʻqimachilik sanoatini egallab, bu sanoatni boshqa hududlarga yoy boshlaydi. Ular kelguniga qadar Oʻrta Osiyoda zandan va boshqa gazlamalar ishlab chiqarish koʻpaydi, gilonlik hunarmandlarning kelishi ularning soni va sifatining oshishiga olib keldi.
XV-asrda yashab oʻtkan vatandoshimiz va Boburiylar imperiyasining asoschisi Bobur oʻzinig Boburnoma kitobida “koʻb yahshi narsalarga boy shahar, uning shaftolilari va anorlari ham koʻb yahshidur” deb yozgan. Shaharda hamma zamonlarda ham hunarmandchilik va savdogarlik yuksak darajada rivojlangani maʼlum. Shuningdek, Margʻilonni “Sunduqul orifiyn” (Oriflar sandigʻi) deydilar. Bunga sabab esa bu shahardan juda koʻp olimu fuzalo, oriflarning chiqqanidir. Margʻilon savdogarlari Oʻrta Osiyo savdo-sotiq ishlarida muhim rol oʻynaganlar va Sovet davrida bu shaharni odamlarini qonun bilan chiqishmovchiliklari boʻlgan.
Men o'z shahrimni yaxshi ko'raman, chunki u go'zal va azizdir. Yana shaharda,Oʻzbekistondagi eng yirik Shoi ishlab chiqaradigan Yodgorlkik Shoi Korhonasi va Turon Shoisi Korhonalari joylashgan.Fargʻona Vodiysiga shoi toʻqish qachon kelganligi nomaʼlum, lekin eski zamonlardan maʼlumki Margʻilon bu sohada juda mashhur. Bilaman, dunyoda boshqa ko'plab munosib odamlar bor, eng go'zal shaharlar, lekin Marg‘ilonda men o'zimni yaxshi va xotirjam his qilaman. Bu erda mening ruhim dam oladi, bu erda havo qalbimni sevgi va baxt bilan to'ldiradi. Shahrimda ko‘plab tarixiy va madaniy yodgorliklar bor, ular bilan faxrlanaman. Ularni asrab-avaylash, ko‘paytirish avlodimizning asosiy vazifasidir.

Little Homeland is a place where a person was born, grew up, studied and where his relatives live. This place, the love for it is forever in the human heart. But understanding of one's homeland and feelings of love for it do not appear immediately. And this process happens differently for everyone. The most important thing for a child during childhood is mother and father. As he grows up, he begins to feel affection for his friends, his native street, river, forests, fields, village or city. It doesn't matter what your hometown is: a large industrial city or a small village and what this city or village looks like. The main thing is that all this is motherhood, which you have known since childhood.

Motherland is not chosen like father and mother. You accept it, love it as it is. As a person grows up, he gradually realizes his belonging to the Motherland, his responsibility for it and most importantly, his incomparable love for it. This is how a citizen is born, this is how a patriot is formed.
For everyone in his little homeland, he has something to say about him. Therefore, I would like to describe my Motherland with its unique history and nature, unforgettable places.
My small homeland is the city of Margilan. The city of Margilan is one of the historical cities of the Fergana region in the Fergana valley.
The first written information about Margilan dates back to the 10th century. At that time, the city was called "Marginon" and later both names were used. There is no exact information about the origin of the name Margilan. Some toponymists assume that "marg" is from "lawn", "grassland". There is also a local legend that Margilan is from the words "murg" and "Greek". According to Ibratniig's manuscript "History of Fergana", the city was founded in 883. Archaeological findings confirm that Margilan has been inhabited since the beginning of AD, that it was a large village in the 10th century and that it became a city in the 11th and 12th centuries. V.V.Bartold in his work "Turkistan during the Mongol invasion" noted that even during the Karakhanids, Margilan was considered the capital of the region. "Boburnoma" mentions the fact that Margilan is one of the 8 cities in Ferghana, the prosperity of the city, its sweet fruits and praises its "donai kalon" pomegranate and "subhani" apricots. As a result of archaeological excavations conducted in the ancient part of the city, it was found that Margilan was founded 2 thousand years ago. According to local sources, the city had 12 gates. The inhabitants of Margilan, located on the Great Silk Road, have been engaged in weaving satin since ancient times and thus made it world famous. Margilan's silk fabrics were bought in large numbers by the merchants of Egypt, Iran, Greece and Kashgar. Also, hat making and coppersmithing developed in Margilan, coins were minted in the city from time to time. The city was a part of the Timurid, Shaybani states in different periods and in the next period, it was part of the Kokhan Khanate. It was occupied by Russian troops in 1875. The well-known "Polatkhan Uprising" (1873-76) against the tyranny of the White Tsar's authorities took place in Margilan, as well as the people's uprising (1916) against the forced deportation of the local population to work behind the front lines in Russia. Margilan was a uyezd city of Fergana region in 1876-1926, then it was transformed into a city on the scale of Fergana district. In 1927, the first hairdressing factory was built in Margilan. In addition, there are two power plants, a printing house, a mechanic shop and a bakery and lemonade factory. Later, a mechanized tannery, a sawmill and a shoe factory were commissioned. Silk-weaving artels have been expanded and several new handicraft enterprises have been launched. In 1963, the company "Atlas" was established on the basis of handicraft artels that produce artistic products. There are about 20 industries, 8 motor transport enterprises and 17 construction organizations in the city. Trade, cultural and household service outlets, handicrafts, especially hat-making, tandoori and coppersmithing, are developed in Margilan. There are 34 general education schools, national vocational and technical lyceums. There are 2 music, 2 vocational schools and technical schools of construction, commerce, accounting, medicine and pedagogy, a special school and a silk-making institute of the "Shoyi" company.
Margilan is connected with major cities in the valley by highways. The city has "Atlaschi" and "Turon" stadiums, 33 sports halls, many volleyball, basketball and football fields, 3 sports schools for children and youth. More than 43 000 young people are engaged in 56 physical education teams.
Among the architectural monuments are the Pir Siddiq complex ("Dovecote", mid-18th century), Khoja Magiz mausoleum (first half of the 18th century), Chokar, Toronbazar mosques (early 20th century), Saidahmad Khoja Eshon madrasa (end of the 19th century) and others. preserved. The great scholar Burhoniddin Marginani lived in Margilan, the poetess Uvaisiy (Jahon Otin) was born and many other famous people created their works.
The city of Margilan has been known to the world for thousands of years for its craftsmen and scientists. In 2007, according to the decision of UNESCO, the city's 2000th anniversary celebrations were held. In the ancient Chinese written sources, the city of Lar gi is mentioned in the Pass and in the scientific works of Chinese scientists, this city corresponds to the current city of Margilan and it proves that this city has a history of 2700 years.
History of Margilan
According to legends, the local population learned of Alexander's intention to go to his city and prepare a red carpet for him. The townspeople welcomed the guest with chicken and bread. After the feast, Alexander the Great asked what the name of the dish was. They answered him: "Murginon", which means "chicken and bread". On his way back, he tasted this food again and then named this place "Murginon". Since then, the city has been called Margilan. Of course, there are different views and assumptions about the name of the city of Margilan.
Margilan is one of the ancient cities of Fergana Valley. In 1994-2004, the employees of the Institute of Archeology of Uzbekistan conducted work in the city and found out that there was irrigated agriculture in the Margilan oasis in the IV-III centuries BC.
According to scientific data, the city appeared in the II-I centuries BC, when a branch of the Great Silk Road passed through the present-day Margilan region, one of the cities of the Fergana Valley. In the sources, the settlement was known from the 9th century. The name Margilan has been known since the 10th century.
The worship of Iskandar Zulqarnain in the Ferghana valley probably arose as a result of the migration of the mountaineers who lived in the Poshsha Iskandar neighborhood of Margilan and considered themselves his descendants.
The mausoleum, where the tomb of Alexander the Great is said to be located, belongs to the 18th century.
From this it follows that most likely this tomb contained the tomb of Alexander, but not Alexander the Great, but king Alexander of Darvaz (Pamir) - the grandfather of Shah Darvaz Abulfaiz Khan, who ruled in the north in Fergana, Kolab and Kabul. In the South in the 17th century.
Nevertheless, there are more interesting facts about the history of naming Margilan.
Ishaq Khan Tora Ibrat connects the history of the name of the city of Margilan with the territory inhabited by nomadic peoples from the Persian land. According to some sources, the period of expansion of the city dates back to 833, that is, to the 9th century.
Archeological studies also confirm that handicrafts were widespread in Margilan from the 9th century.
The city of "Margilan" was founded on the site of several settlements by the people engaged in silk production in Gilon.
During the Caliphate period, many Arabs began to migrate to Central Asia under the influence of geographical, socio-political factors due to the strengthening of the Arab conquest of the East.
Cousins and sons-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) who were part of the Quraysh from the clan of the 1st Caliph Muhammad Abu Bakr al-Siddiq during the reign of the 4th Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib (656-661). The leadership of the nobles of the city of Medina began to move to the northeast to the shores of the Caspian Sea and the powerful Seyyids, whose capital was the city of Resht, built a state in the Gilan Valley.
Part of this population settled in today's Margilan and its surrounding areas due to subsequent waves of migration.
In the following centuries, the settlement was called Moargilon, Margilan, Margilan in terms of sound and spelling, but the meaning was the same - "We are from Gilon".
It is known from history that in the 12th-17th centuries, Margilan was a large Persian-speaking city, where thousands, hundreds and other tribes of Turkic-speaking people lived.
Quraysh tribes who emigrated from Medina to Gilan came close to the Persian-speaking peoples there and it can be seen that the processes of change took place in their ethnic life under the influence of language and geographical factors. Arabs took over the textile industry of the local area and began to spread this industry to other regions. Before their arrival, the production of zandan and other fabrics increased in Central Asia and the arrival of craftsmen from Gilan led to an increase in their number and quality.
Our compatriot Babur, who lived in the 15th century and the founder of the Babur empire, wrote in his book Baburnama that "the city is rich in many good things, its peaches and pomegranates are also good." It is known that crafts and trade were highly developed in the city at all times. Also, Margilan is called "Sundukul Orifiyn" (Box of Sages). The reason for this is that a lot of scientists and scholars came from this city. Margilan merchants played an important role in Central Asian trade and during the Soviet era, the people of this city were outlawed.
I love my city because it is beautiful and dear. Also in the city, there are Yodgorlkik Shoi Enterprises and Turon Shoi Enterprises, which produce the largest silk in Uzbekistan. It is not known when silk weaving came to Fergana Valley, but it is known that Margilan is very famous in this field. I know there are many other decent people in the world, the most beautiful cities, but I feel good and calm in Margilan. Here my soul rests, here the air fills my heart with love and happiness. There are many historical and cultural monuments in my city, which I am proud of. Their preservation and reproduction is the main task of our generation.