Task what is oligopoly and what are the characteristics of that?

4.1 What is the future outlook for the telecom industry in Kazakhstan
In telecom business in Uzbekistan has a bright future, with substantial expansion projected in the following years. It boasts one of its most industrialized telecommunication businesses in Central Asia, especially in the mobile section, where comprehensive network coverage has allowed for exceptionally high saturation rates. The development of the industry is mostly attributable to an expanding urban population and the widespread usage of mobile phones which enable 3G, 4G, and 5G services.

The technology sector has kept on investing in broadband networks (4G LTE and fiber) in order to achieve huge increases in data demand. But interest in classical voice services is dwindling as users prefer the versatility and accessibility of the smartphone or tablet for call and data services. In general, the long-term perspective for Uzbekistan's telecom sector is upbeat with additional development anticipated through 2025.

5.0 How does innovation and R&D affect competition in the telecom industry of Uzbekistan, and what are the implications for market outcomes and efficiency?
In Uzbekistan's telecommunication industry, technology and R&D serve a critical role in influencing competitiveness and commercial results. Firms that make investments in research and development and creativity are more inclined to create novel services and goods, giving them an edge over others. This can result in improved competitiveness and revenue, as well as enhanced customer service for customers. The cost of R&D and innovation, on the other hand, can be substantial, leading to market concentration as larger businesses purchase smaller companies to obtain exposure to their know-how and expertise. In the long run, this may result in lower rivalry and higher pricing.

Furthermore, a lack of spending in innovation and research can lead to a loss of profitability and share of market for sector businesses. As a whole, research and development as well as creativity are essential components in Uzbekistan's telecom business, and firms who spend in those fields are likely to prosper in the years to come.